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Alireza Shokat - Physiology 2 > Adrenal Cortex > Flashcards

Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A
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2
Q

Zona fasciculata

A
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3
Q

Zona reticularis

A
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4
Q

CYP 11 B2

A

Gives aldosterone (also called aldosterone synthase)

  • 11-hydroxylase
  • 18-hydroxylase
  • 18-oxidase
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5
Q

CYP 11 B1

A

Gives cortisol

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6
Q

CYP 17

A

Zona fasciculata cells

  • 17-hydroxylase

Zona reticularis cells

  • 17-hydroxylase
  • 17,20-lyase
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7
Q

3β-HSD

A

Is only (not sure) expressed in zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata.

In zona reticularis: DHEA → androstenedione

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8
Q

11β-HSD

A
  • 11β-HSD 1 (liver): cortisone → cortisol (active; binds to GR and MR)
  • 11β-HSD 2 (kidney, placenta): cortisol → cortisone (inactive)
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9
Q

CYP 19

A

Also called aromatase

In ovaries: DHEA → estrogen

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10
Q

Cortisol secretion and transport

A

Its total blood plasma concentration is 1000 times higher than the total blood plasma concentration of aldosterone.

  • 90% CBG (corticosteroid-binding globulin, transcortin or serpin A6)
  • 7% albumin
  • 3-4% free (active)

Its free concentration is 100 times higher than the free concentration of aldosterone.

Thalf: 60-90 min

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11
Q

Aldosterone secretion and transport

A
  • 60% CBG + albumin
  • 40% free (active)

Thalf: 20 min

higher percentage is free and easily degraded.

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12
Q

Synthetic steroids

A

Have higher GC activity

  • Dexamethasone
  • Methylprednisolone
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13
Q

Cushing’s syndrome and disease

A
  • High glucocorticoid (cortisol) production
  • Due to high [ACTH] form adenohypophysis (Cushing’s disease) or cortical tumor
  • Treatment: artificial steroids (through negative feedback mechanism) → [ACTH] decreases
  • Symptoms:
    • Weakness due to protein degradation
    • [Glu]plasma increases → insulin → diabetes
    • Impaired wound healing, striae will appear
    • Central obesity
    • Moon face
    • High [ACTH] → pigmentation
    • Mineral corticoid receptor stimulated:
      • H2O intake (or retention?) increases
      • Urine production increases
      • Parterial increases
    • Weak bones
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14
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A
  • High [aldosterone]
  • Symptoms:
    • Continuous Na+ reabsorption → ECvolume increases → Parterial increases
    • Hypokalemia → weakness (sk. m. stimulation is weak)
    • Alkalosis
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15
Q

Addison’s disease

A
  • Destruction of the adrenal gland due to
    • Inflamation
    • Autoimmune disease
  • ACTH overproduction
  • Symptoms:
    • [MC] (aldosterone) decreases
    • Blood volume decreases → Parterial decreases
    • Hyperkalemia
    • Acidosis
    • [GC] decreases
      • Stress resistance decreases
      • [Glu]plasma decreases
    • [ACTH] goes very high
      • MSH → pigmentation
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16
Q

CYP 21 A2 def.

A
  • Congenital, most common
  • Zona g. → [aldosterone] decreases → Na+ loss
  • Zona f. → [cortisol] decreases
  • Symptoms
    • [ACTH] increases
    • Androgen production increases → adrenogenital syndrome
17
Q

CYP 11 B1 def.

A
  • Zona f. → [cortisol] decreases
  • Symptoms:
    • [ACTH] increases
    • [DOC] increases → certain level of MC activity → Parterial increases
    • Androgen production increases → adrenogenital syndrome
18
Q

CYP 11 B2 def.

A
19
Q

Cortisol

A
  • High → central obesity
  • Low → weight loss
20
Q

DHEA

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Alireza Shokat - Physiology 2 (3 decks)

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