ADR’s💊

Question 1

define ADR

Answer 1

Unwanted or harmful reaction, which occurs after administration of a drug, and he suspected or known to be due to the drug (NICE)

Question 2

what percentage of hospital admissions due to ADR’s

Answer 2

6 to 7%

Question 3

what is the term best describes a TYPE A reaction?

Answer 3

Augmented

Question 4

what is a TYPE A reaction?

Answer 4

A result of an exaggeration of a drugs normal Pharmacological action, when given at the normal therapeutic dose

Question 5

what percent of all adverse drug reactions are TYPE A?

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

TYPE A reactions are…(3)

Answer 6

predictable
Rarely fatal
Often dose-related and reversible

Question 7

what term is used to describe TYPE B reactions?

Answer 7

Idiosyncratic

Question 8

what is a TYPE B reaction?

Answer 8

An unpredictable reaction from the known pharmacology of the drug

Question 9

TYPE B reactions are…(3)

Answer 9

not dose-related
Can only be discovered for the first time after a drug is available for general use
Includes anaphylaxis

Question 10

what term is used to describe TYPE C reactions?

Answer 10

Continuing reactions

Question 11

TYPE C reactions are…(including drug example)

Answer 11

Reactions that have effects on the body that persist for a long time
E.G - NSAIDs and kidney function

Question 12

what term best describes TYPE D reactions?

Answer 12

Delayed reactions

Question 13

TYPE D reactions are… (1)

Answer 13

Reactions that only become apparent sometime after drug use, making the more difficult to detect

Question 14

what term best describes TYPE E reactions?

Answer 14

End of use reactions

Question 15

TYPE E reactions are…(1 plus example)

Answer 15

reactions associated with withdrawal of a drug
E.G - anxiety, or insomnia after stopping benzodiazepines

Question 16

what six things can be done to reduce the incidence of ADRs?

Answer 16

1- taking medication, history, allergies, and previous reactions
2- only prescribing when there is a clear indication and therapeutic aim
3- stop drugs that are not needed
4- educate patient on the possible side effects and ADRs
5- monitor patients
6- co-prescribe to mitigate risk (e.g. PPI and NSAIDs)

Question 17

what are the four most common drugs cause ADRs, leading to hospitalisation?

Answer 17

nSAIDs
Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets
Diuretics

Question 18

define pharmacovigilance

Answer 18

The monitoring process of drugs in every day practice to identify previously unrecognised ADRs or changes in patterns

Question 19

how is pharmacovigilance maintained in practice?

Answer 19

Using the yellow card system

Question 20

what are the 3 things that must be reported using the yellow card scheme?

Answer 20

• ALL suspected ADRs for black triangle drugs
• SERIOUS ADRS for established drugs
• All ADRs in children

Question 21

A black triangle is given to any drug or vaccine that meets the following criteria…(5)

Answer 21

1- the new active substance or bio similar medicine

2- a new combination of medicines or active substances

3- new route of administration

4- a new drug delivery system

5- an establish drug that is used for new population of people

Question 22

how long do drugs have black triangles for?

Answer 22

Five years, unless it needs extending

Question 23

drugs should be reported via the yellow card scheme, even if…(3)

Answer 23

1- you’re not 100% sure it was the drug that cause a reaction
2- if the reaction is well recognised
3- if any other drugs were taken with that drug