ADR of abx Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins ADR

A

Hypersensitive (Form adduct with host proteins)
Anaphylaxis,
steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhea (CDAD)

Neurotoxicity

Convulsions, confusion, hallucinations

Hepatoxicity

Seizure – high dose

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2
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

MRSA, express PBP2a
B-lactamase to hydrolyse b-lactam ring
Decrease porin production, less AB reach PBP
Less IN
Efflux pumps
More OUT

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3
Q

cephalosporin ADR

A

Hypersensitivity
Cross-allergy is 1%
Hist of anaphylaxis with penicillin not given

GIT

CDAD, diarrhea (PO)

Thrombophlebitis

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4
Q

ceftriaxone

A

Hepatic metabolism

** ceftriaxone no mix with Ca containing product (Ringer’s / Hartmann’s sol/ parenteral nutrition)

Cause Ca to ppt

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5
Q

carbapenems

A

GIT related symptoms (NV, diarrhea)

Rashes

Neurotoxicity (seizure) at high blood conc

Cross-hypersensitivity with penicillin
Avoided for those with penicillin allergy

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6
Q

aztreonam ADR

A

well tolerated

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7
Q

vancomycin ADR

A

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis
red man syndrome

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8
Q

tetracycline ADR

A

Gastric discomfort

Oesophageal irritation, ulceration

Deposition in bone, primary dentition during calcification
Causes discolouration (GREY)

Hepatoxicity

Phototoxicity

Superinfection

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9
Q

AG ADR

A

OTOTIXCITY
NEPHRO
NEUROMUSCULAR PARALYSIS
HYPERSENSITIVE

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10
Q

macrolides ADR

A

gastric distress
hepatotoxicity
ototoxicity
prolong QT

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11
Q

clindamycin ADR

A

GI effect – diarrhea, vomiting
Skin rash
CDAD

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12
Q

linezolid ADR

A

GI

Nausea, diarrhea, headache, rash

Bone marrow suppression

Thrombocytopenia (>10days)

MAOi activity = serotonin syndrome

Peripheral neuropathies

Optic neurities (>28 days)

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13
Q

fluoroquinolones ADR

A

GI: NV, diarrhea
Dysglyceamia
Aortic dissection/ rupture (aneurysm)
C.diff colitis cipro
Headache, dizziness
Phototoxicity
Tendinitis, tendon rupture
Peripheral neuropathy
Prolong QTc interval

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14
Q

sulfonamides ADR

A

Crystalluria
hypersensitive
kernicterus
hematopoietic disturbances

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15
Q

trimethoprim ADR

A

Folic acid deficiency

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16
Q

cotrimoxazole ADR

A

Skin reaction Rash
Photosensitive
NV
Glossitis, stomatitis
Hemolytic anemia
Megablastic anemia,

17
Q

nitrofurantoin ADR

A

Turns urine brown
NV, diarrhea (macrocrystalline prep better tolerated)
Hypersensitive rxn:
Chills, fever
Leukopenia, hemolytic anemia
Cholestatic jaundice, heptocellular damage
pul toxicity
peripheral neuropathies

18
Q

Amphotericin B ADR

A

Fever, chills

Nephrotoxicity

Electrolyte imbalance, hypotension

Thrombophlebitis

Bone marrow supp, anemia

19
Q

metronidazole ADR

A

GI
metallic taste
oral moniliasis
PNS, CNS

20
Q

5 - Flucytosine ADR

A

GI effects

Bone marrow suppression

hepatotoxicity

21
Q

Echinocandins ADR

A

Minimal adverse effects
GIT symptomes
Fever
Chill
Rash
Skin flush
Thrombocytopenia

22
Q

itraconazole ADR

A

cardiotoxicity

23
Q

triazole ADR

A

Heptatotoxicity
QT prolongation
GIT

24
Q

fluconazole ADR

25
voriconazole ADR
NEUROTOXICITY Visual disturbances Hallucination Periostitis Inflamm connective tissues
26
clotrimazole ADR
Contact dermatitis Vulver irritation Oedema GI disturbances (PO)
27
rifampicin ADR
itch w/ or w/o rash Anti-histamine therapy *SJS, TEN, DRESS Flush, water eye Flu-like symptoms RESP Renal failure HEPATITIS P> I > R ORANGE DISCOLOURATION GIT symptoms
28
nystatin ADR
Rare ADR from PO skin irritation
29
terbinafine ADR
GIT disturbances Headache Rash Elevated liver enzymes
30
isoniazid ADR
GIT symptoms Peripheral neuropathy Hepatitis Toxic psychosis
31
pyrazinamide ADR
GIT symptoms Photosensitive Hepatotoxicity Hyperuricemia, arthralgia exanthema, rash
32
ethambutol ADR
Visual toxicity hyperuricemia
33
high risk of CDAD
clindamycin 3rd gen fluro
34
medium risk of CDAD
b lactam carbapenems 1-2/4-5 gen