ADR of abx Flashcards
Penicillins ADR
Hypersensitive (Form adduct with host proteins)
Anaphylaxis,
steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Neurotoxicity
Convulsions, confusion, hallucinations
Hepatoxicity
Seizure – high dose
Penicillin resistance
MRSA, express PBP2a
B-lactamase to hydrolyse b-lactam ring
Decrease porin production, less AB reach PBP
Less IN
Efflux pumps
More OUT
cephalosporin ADR
Hypersensitivity
Cross-allergy is 1%
Hist of anaphylaxis with penicillin not given
GIT
CDAD, diarrhea (PO)
Thrombophlebitis
ceftriaxone
Hepatic metabolism
** ceftriaxone no mix with Ca containing product (Ringer’s / Hartmann’s sol/ parenteral nutrition)
Cause Ca to ppt
carbapenems
GIT related symptoms (NV, diarrhea)
Rashes
Neurotoxicity (seizure) at high blood conc
Cross-hypersensitivity with penicillin
Avoided for those with penicillin allergy
aztreonam ADR
well tolerated
vancomycin ADR
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis
red man syndrome
tetracycline ADR
Gastric discomfort
Oesophageal irritation, ulceration
Deposition in bone, primary dentition during calcification
Causes discolouration (GREY)
Hepatoxicity
Phototoxicity
Superinfection
AG ADR
OTOTIXCITY
NEPHRO
NEUROMUSCULAR PARALYSIS
HYPERSENSITIVE
macrolides ADR
gastric distress
hepatotoxicity
ototoxicity
prolong QT
clindamycin ADR
GI effect – diarrhea, vomiting
Skin rash
CDAD
linezolid ADR
GI
Nausea, diarrhea, headache, rash
Bone marrow suppression
Thrombocytopenia (>10days)
MAOi activity = serotonin syndrome
Peripheral neuropathies
Optic neurities (>28 days)
fluoroquinolones ADR
GI: NV, diarrhea
Dysglyceamia
Aortic dissection/ rupture (aneurysm)
C.diff colitis cipro
Headache, dizziness
Phototoxicity
Tendinitis, tendon rupture
Peripheral neuropathy
Prolong QTc interval
sulfonamides ADR
Crystalluria
hypersensitive
kernicterus
hematopoietic disturbances
trimethoprim ADR
Folic acid deficiency
cotrimoxazole ADR
Skin reaction Rash
Photosensitive
NV
Glossitis, stomatitis
Hemolytic anemia
Megablastic anemia,
nitrofurantoin ADR
Turns urine brown
NV, diarrhea (macrocrystalline prep better tolerated)
Hypersensitive rxn:
Chills, fever
Leukopenia, hemolytic anemia
Cholestatic jaundice, heptocellular damage
pul toxicity
peripheral neuropathies
Amphotericin B ADR
Fever, chills
Nephrotoxicity
Electrolyte imbalance, hypotension
Thrombophlebitis
Bone marrow supp, anemia
metronidazole ADR
GI
metallic taste
oral moniliasis
PNS, CNS
5 - Flucytosine ADR
GI effects
Bone marrow suppression
hepatotoxicity
Echinocandins ADR
Minimal adverse effects
GIT symptomes
Fever
Chill
Rash
Skin flush
Thrombocytopenia
itraconazole ADR
cardiotoxicity
triazole ADR
Heptatotoxicity
QT prolongation
GIT
fluconazole ADR
hair loss
voriconazole ADR
NEUROTOXICITY
Visual disturbances
Hallucination
Periostitis
Inflamm connective tissues
clotrimazole ADR
Contact dermatitis
Vulver irritation
Oedema
GI disturbances (PO)
rifampicin ADR
itch w/ or w/o rash
Anti-histamine therapy
*SJS, TEN, DRESS
Flush, water eye
Flu-like symptoms
RESP
Renal failure
HEPATITIS
P> I > R
ORANGE DISCOLOURATION
GIT symptoms
nystatin ADR
Rare ADR from PO
skin irritation
terbinafine ADR
GIT disturbances
Headache
Rash
Elevated liver enzymes
isoniazid ADR
GIT symptoms
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis
Toxic psychosis
pyrazinamide ADR
GIT symptoms
Photosensitive
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperuricemia, arthralgia
exanthema, rash
ethambutol ADR
Visual toxicity
hyperuricemia
high risk of CDAD
clindamycin
3rd gen
fluro
medium risk of CDAD
b lactam
carbapenems
1-2/4-5 gen
