Adoption Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s the process for adoption

A
  1. free child for adoption via consent of bio or termination of rights
  2. establish rights of adoptive parent
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2
Q

what are the exceptions to the usual 2 part adoption process

A

stepparent adoption: only terminates rights of absent noncustodial parent

second parent adoption: same sex partner becoming legal parent

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3
Q

how does discrimination play into adoption

A

adoption is mainly controlled by state law - some states allow adoption agencies to discriminate. can still discriminate against gays since not a suspect class

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4
Q

how does consent work for open adoption

A

must be voluntary, some states require the kid to be born, some require a few days after birth.

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5
Q

can you do an open adoption predicated on retaining parental rights in exchange for giving up the baby

A

no – retention of parental rights invalidates adoption. note that it’s rare to invalidate adoption though

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6
Q

true or false: some states do allow post-adoption contact agreement and if violated will just enforce it

A

true

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7
Q

describe consent for giving up kid to adoption

A

no fraud or duress, must be voluntary and knowingly made. sometimes have a set number of hours to withdraw consent after birth. generally irrevocable

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8
Q

when do we not need bio parent consent

A

neglect, desertion, abandonment

rape (some require conviction first)

if parent has failed to communicate or care for kid for a year without a good reason

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9
Q

is a court order that a paren’t can’t have visitation a good reason to not make an effort to continue a relationship with your kids

A

no – you’re in control of ensuring you have a relationship and your consent won’t be needed for an adoption if you don’t see them

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10
Q

what’s the bar for pre-placement evaluation

A

significant risk to harm

look for parent to siblings, qualities requested by bio parent, continuity, blood relation, characteristics of family and child

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11
Q

how does race play into adoption

A

swings back and forth. today: number of cross racial has increased.

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12
Q

what is an American Indian child

A

unmarried
under 18
member or bio child of tribe member

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13
Q

what are the Icwa placement preferences

A

-member of kid’s extended family
-member of tribe
-other injuns

must be followed in absence of good cause not to

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14
Q

what is good cause not to follow placement preferences

A

when alternative placement would comply with request of parent, extraordinary need of kid, or unavailability of placement after diligent search.

NOT just because they were placed with a white family. not a best interest determination

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15
Q

when does tribe have jdx

A

if Indian kid resides or is domiciled on reservation. if minor, domicile = domicile of bio parents

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16
Q

what if Indian kid isn’t domiciled on Indian land

A

state and tribe have concurrent

17
Q

what if the Indian parent never have custody

A

no ICWA - doesn’t protect rights of parent who never had custody

18
Q

what should the us consider under The Hague convention for international adoptions

A

child’s ethnic and cultural background

19
Q

basic rules for artificial insemination under UPA 2017

A

-donor is not father
- doctor doesn’t have rights
- husband must consent in writing before or after the birth for the kid to be kid of the marriage
—- or can prove with clear and convincing that there was an agreement, or he can hold kid out as his own for two years

20
Q

what does Oregon law say about artificial insemination

A

-donor is not legal father
- doesn’t matter if couple receiving kid is married
-if woman is married, husband needs to consent

21
Q

what does UPA 2017 say about ovum donation

A

-donor has no obligations
-donor is anyone who provides gametes
-intent to stay in kid’s life affects if donor is actually a donor

22
Q

what are some policy considerations for ovum donation

A

even if donors, is it constitutional to define them as donors and cut off rights? what if mom is saying the egg donor was a donor and dad said he loves her

23
Q

what does UPA 2017 say about in vitro

A

court will award embryos to party most likely to give them life

24
Q

what are the four approaches to disputes, about embryos

A
  1. contract approach –> follow the k agreement, estoppel
  2. balancing of interests –> consider intent and expectation of parenthood
  3. contemporaneous mutual consent –> if can’t decide, embryos go to no one
  4. bring embryos to life –> whoever most likely to give life gets them
25
Q

what are the kinds of surrogacy

A

traditional surrogacy –> surrogate is bio mom (disfavored!!)
gestational surrogacy –> surrogate carries someone else’s egg

26
Q

what did UPA 2017 say about traditional surrogacy

A

requires court validation, surrogate has 72 hours after to birth to decide to allow adoption or no

27
Q

describe surrogacy k’s

A

typically paid, but criminal in some states, some states make unilaterally voidable. UPA 2017 says k is enforceable if the intent was for it to be surrogacy

28
Q

who wins if it’s genetic mom v. gestational surrogate

A

at common law, birth wins. but when both women have claims of motherhood, look at intent.

genetic mother wins because she is the one who intended to bring about the birth and raise the kid