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Gabe's Endocrinology > Adolescent development > Flashcards

Adolescent development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the age bracket of adolescence?

A
  • Adolescents = 10-19yo
  • Youth = 15-24yo
  • Young People = 10-24yo
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2
Q

What are the 3 stages of adolescent development?

A
  • Early: 10-14y.o.
  • Middle: 15-16y.o.
  • Late: 17y.o.+
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3
Q

What are the other definitions of adolescence?

A
  • Onset of puberty until achievement of economic independence
  • Cross-cultural considerations
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4
Q

What are the developmental tasks of adolescence?

A
  • Achieving independence from parents/other adults
  • Development of a realistic, stable, positive self-identity
  • Formation of a sexual identity
  • Negotiating peer and intimate relationships
  • Development of a realistic body image
  • Formulation of own moral/value system
  • Acquisition of skills for future economic independence
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5
Q

What are the different domains of adolescent development?

A
  • Physical
  • Social/Emotional
  • Cognitive
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6
Q

What are the different physical developments in adolescence?

A
  • Rapid physical growth
  • Reproductive capabilities
  • Secondary sexual characteristics
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7
Q

What happens to peer relationships in adolescence?

A
  • Peer interaction occupies more time than in middle childhood
  • Basis for friendships changes
    • Shared interests, values, beliefs, attitudes
  • Friendships with same and opposite sex
  • First romantic/sexual relationship for many
  • Increased reliance on friends for support
  • Close and supportive friendships contribute to positive psychological adjustment
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8
Q

What happens to family relationships in adolescence?

A
  • Renegotiation of relationships as adolescents strive for increased autonomy
  • Parent-child conflict increases:
    • Centring around self-governance issues
    • “Testing out” new reasoning skills
  • Authoritative parenting style associated with better adolescent adjustment
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9
Q

What is the difference between parents and peers to adolescents?

A
  • Parents/Adolescents – shared values
  • Adolescents consult parents vs. peers for advice about:
  • Peers:
    • What to wear
    • Which interests to pursue
    • Which social activities to attend
  • Parents:
    • Academic/Occupational goals
    • Other future-oriented decisions
      • Peer Pressure
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10
Q

What cognitive developments occur during adolescence?

A
  • Thinking about possibilities
  • Thinking through hypotheses
  • Thinking ahead
  • Thinking about thought
  • Thinking beyond conventional limits
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11
Q

What happens to self-concept during adolescence?

A
  • Incorporate psychological terms into self-description
    • Personality attributes, roles, goals, interests, values, beliefs
  • Describe attributes in a variety of domains – e.g.:
    • Academic competence, athletic competence, job competence, physical appearance, social acceptance, friendships, romantic appeal
  • Recognition of “different selves” across contexts
    • “I’m shy with boys, but you can’t shut me up with my friends”
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12
Q

What does an increased understanding of self often result in?

A

Self-criticism

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13
Q

What is important to self-esteem?

A

Peer acceptance

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14
Q

What is low self-esteem associated with?

A

Difficulties including depression, suicide, eating disorders, antisocial behaviour

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15
Q

What 3 different elements contribute to self-esteem in adolescent development?

A
  • Increased understanding of self
  • Social comparison
  • Peer acceptance
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16
Q

What happens to social comparison in adolescent development?

A
  • With developments in social cognition, start to ask “how do I measure up?” against peers across domains
  • Children compare themselves against peers even when nobody else explicitly makes the comparison
17
Q

What notable developments of the pre-frontal cortex occur during adolescence?

A
  • Notable developments in pre-frontal cortex – controlling executive functions
    • Planning
    • Impulse Control
    • Reasoning
18
Q

How long does brain development occur?

A

Extends into the adolescent years (and beyond)

19
Q

What are the 6 big risks for adolescent health?

A
  • Unintentional Injuries (accidents)
  • Intentional Injuries (violence, suicide)
  • Risky Sexual Behaviours
  • Substance Use
  • Unhealthy Diet
  • Inadequate Physical Activity
20
Q

Which gender is more at risk healthwise during adolescent development?

A

Males>Females

21
Q

What are the major causes of death in adolescence?

A
  • Leading cause of death (66%) among12-24yo = Injury
  • Predominantly
    • Transport Accidents
    • Suicide
  • Differs from population in general
22
Q

What are the major mental health problems in adolescence?

A
  • Onset of a number of mental health difficulties commonly seen in adolescence – e.g.:
    • Eating Disorders
    • Substance Abuse
    • Depression
    • Suicide
23
Q

What are the 3 most prevalent chronic illnesses during adolescence?

A
  1. Serious mental health problems
  2. ADHD
  3. Asthma (respiratory conditions)
24
Q

What are different dimensions of chronic illness?

A
  • Duration
  • Age of onset
  • Limitation of activities
  • Visibility
  • Expected survival
  • Mobility
  • Physiological functioning
  • Cognition
  • Emotional/Social
  • Sensory functioning
  • Communication Course
  • Uncertainty Stigma Pain
25
Q

What is the impact of chronic illness on achieving independence from parents/other adults?

A
  • Parental assistance with physio (and other care).
  • Time in hospital (with parents).
26
Q

What is the impact of chronic illness on development of a realistic, stable, positive self-identity and body image?

A

Delayed puberty, difficulty putting on weight, other physical impacts of illness and treatment.

27
Q

What is the impact of chronic illness on development of negotiating peer and intimate relationships?

A
  • Time in hospital (away from peers)
  • Questions about life expectancy and fertility
  • Fatigue/lethargy
  • Physical impact of illness and treatment
28
Q

What is the impact of chronic illness on formulation of own moral/value system?

A

Questions about fertility and life expectancy

29
Q

What is the impact of chronic illness on acquisition of skills for future economic independence?

A
  • Missing school
  • Feeling unwell/tired at school
  • Future impact of health on occupational functioning
  • Questions about life expectancy
30
Q

What happens to adherence in adolescence?

A

Adherence difficulties increase

31
Q

What complex factors are involved in self-management?

A
  • Physical
  • Social
  • Emotional
  • Cognitive
  • Behavioural
32
Q

What is poorer adherence associated with?

A
  • Less disease-related knowledge
  • Poorer problem-solving skills
  • Regimes that
    • Impact on appearance
    • Impact on social interactions
    • Require major lifestyle adjustments
  • Poorer psychological functioning

Gabe's Endocrinology (17 decks)

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