Adolescence: Socioemotional development

Question 1

methods of study

Answer 1

experience sampling and daily diaries
- app that radnomly asked to tracked emotions
- allows for tracking mood fluctuation over time

Question 2

emotional reactivity

Answer 2

the intensity and fluctuation between emotional states
- teen emotional states tend to be more intense (both pos and neg)
- cycle though emotions faster
- not necessarily because of biological factors, could just be because their lives are very different from ours (lots of classes and activities)

Question 3

valence

Answer 3

• teens feel happy 70% of the time
• over time positive feeling decrease and negative ones increase
• stereotype tat teens are negative all the time (could just be their lives and the pressure)

Question 4

Teen depression

Answer 4

when negative emotions become painful, they can signal depression
- girls more likely to be diagnosed than boys
- boys have higher rates of suicide –> could be because of their way of manifestation, less likley to report)

Question 5

self-regulation

Answer 5

purposeful control of thoughts, emotions and behaviors
- related strongly to inhibitory control
- impulsiveness = low self regulation
- testes in childhood with marshmellow task
- steadily improves with age
- use delay discounting task for older

Question 6

delay discounting task

Answer 6

• would you rather receive some money now or more money later
• teen usually chose now option
• tho money just have adifferent value for them

Question 7

Assessing risk taking behaviors

Answer 7

• surveys
• behavioural tasks: ballon analogue risk test, stimulated driving test
• real world outcomes
• tends to peek at 15-17 but irl seems later
• more likely while with friends

Question 8

context of risk behavior

Answer 8

• low supportiveness, harsh punishment an toxic interaction increase risks of emotion problems
• supportive peers help with emotional well being
• peer can also influence risk taking

Question 9

relationship with parents

Answer 9

• unlike stereotypes little emotional distance between parents and teens
• although conflicts increase between them
• but not usually about core values, teens are just searching for more autonomy

Question 10

monitoring

Answer 10

• parent attempts to gather info about child’s life
• asking questions and solicitation
• has positive effects
• can become intrusive sometimes

Question 11

disclosure

Answer 11

teens willingness to divulge info to parents
- most use selective disclosure (tell most but not all)

Question 12

friendships

Answer 12

• compatibility
• stability
• reciprocity
• respect for individuality

Question 13

peer groups

Answer 13

• groups of people who are roughly the same age
• more than half of teen’s waking hours are with peers (while only 15% with adults)
• more time without parents and more time with mixed genders
• more positive moods when with peers

Question 14

cliques

Answer 14

small groups (6) defined by common activities or friendships
- composed of people same age, race, gender, socioeconomic background

Question 15

factors of cliques

Answer 15

1. orientation towards school
2. oreitation towards teen activities (parties, risks, …)
3. involvement in antisocial behavior

Question 16

deviant peer groups

Answer 16

engage in antisocial aggressive behavior and gravitate towards each other
- less academic success
- due to selction and socialization: already aggressive so meet, or influence eachother
- mostly selct : already bad
- rejected kids dont have many options but eah other

Question 17

stability of cliques

Answer 17

• moderate stability
• more stable during later years of high school
• composition may shift a bit but characteristics do not

Question 18

crowds

Answer 18

larger more vaguely defined groups based on reputation
- jocks, nerds, popular kids
- based on streorypes and reputation

Question 19

behavior affected by crowds

Answer 19

• youth imitate behavior of high status peers
  crowds establish social norms
• crows reinforce social norms
• teen identity
• strong driver of behavior becaus ereinforce norms and serve as reference groups
• as crowds become lee hierarchial and more permable and differentiated tens become more free to change and enhance their status

Question 20

benefits of social media

Answer 20

• emotional connection
• prosocial interactions
• protective for teens who experience geographic or social isolation
• good for lgbtq kids

Question 21

risks of social media

Answer 21

• overuse
• misuse and disclosing too much
• online harassment and unwanted exposure to sexual content
• draw conclusions - either causes depression or helps it