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Y2 Reproduction, Development & Ageing > Adolescence & early adulthood > Flashcards

Adolescence & early adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

Define adolescence

A

a transitional stage ofphysicalandpsychological developmentthat generally occurs during the period frompuberty to legal adulthood

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2
Q

Give the boundaries for early, middle and late adolescence

A 
E = 11-14
M = 14-17
L = 18+
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3
Q

What are the main physical changes that occur in adolescence for girls

A 
Breast budding
Growth spurt 
First period
Growth of underarm and pubic hair 
Change in body shape
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4
Q

What are the main physical changes that occur in adolescence for boys

A 
Growth of scrotum and testes
Change in voice
Penis lengthening 
Pubic, facial and underarm hair growth
Change in body shape
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5
Q

Compare the age of onset of growth spurts in girls and boys

A

Growth spurts have an earlier onset in girls than in boys (10-14 vs 11-17)

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6
Q

define puberty

A

Process of physical changes through which a child’s body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction

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7
Q

When does puberty begin and what initiates it

A

Begins around 11 for girls, 12 for boys

Initiated by the various hormones in the brain signalling to the tests/ovaries

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8
Q

What is adenarche

A

increase in adrenal androgen production between 6-10yrs old in girls

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9
Q

What is menarche

A

onset of first menstrual cycle

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10
Q

What are the overall changes in psychological development during adolescence

A

Cognition e.g. morality
Identity
Increased self-awareness
Affect expression and regulation

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11
Q

Give examples of social changes that occur in adolescence

A

Parental surveillance nad confiding
Increased importance of peers
Peer groups become more complex and hierarchical
More sensitive to acceptance and rejection
Romantic relationships

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12
Q

Define anorexia nervosa

A

Deliberate weight loss, induced and sustained by the patient

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13
Q

When does anorexia nervosa usually arise

A

Usually in adolescent girls and young women, but boys and young men also

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14
Q

Describe the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa

A

Dread of fatness and flabbiness body contour persisting as an intrusive overvalued idea, with self-imposition of threshold

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15
Q

Give examples of risk factors of anorexia nervosa

A 
Low self esteem
Depression/anxiety
Cultural variation
Media 
Genetic predisposition
Dieting
Childhood abuse
Life events
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16
Q

Give examples of symptoms of anorexia

A 
No appetite or Restricted dietary choice
Weight loss
Arrhythmia 
Weakness
Sleep disturbance 
Induced vomiting/purgation
Use of appetite suppressants/diuretics
17
Q

What is the treatment for anorexia nervosa

A

psych interventions = family therapy, CBT

physical: admissions if extreme or NGT feeding tube

18
Q

What endocrine disturbances

A

Amenorrhoea (usually secondary)

Loss of sexual interest and potency for men

19
Q

What is the largest risk factor for anorexia nervosa

A

Being female

20
Q

Give examples of mood disorders

A

Depression
Bipolar Affective Disorder
Mixed Anxiety and Depression
Psychotic depression

21
Q

What is depression

A

May refer to a single symptom, a symptom cluster or a disorder

Single: feeling miserable, differing severity, persistence and mood quality
Cluster: with various affective, cognitive and behavioural symptoms

22
Q

What are the developmental considerations fo depression

A

Endocrine change
Changes in family relationships
Peers
Responsibilities and hassles

23
Q

Give examples of causes of depression

A

Familial aggregation; genetic factors known
Effects of family interaction e.g. criticism
Life events, adversities

24
Q

What are the main symptoms of depression

A

Low mood
Loss of energy
Loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)

25
Q

What are the criteria for depression

A

Symptoms pervasive
Impairing
Present for at least 2 weeks

26
Q

What are the interventions for mood disorders

A

Psychological interventions
Mainly CBT
Family/Interpersonal therapy
Pharmacology

27
Q

What drugs can be used for mood disorders

A 
SSRIs
Stimulants
Melatonin
Antipsychotics
Short term meds

Y2 Reproduction, Development & Ageing (11 decks)

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