ADOLESCENCE AND PEERS Flashcards
What is Adolescence?
that awkward period between physical sexual maturation and the attainment of adult status in society
transition from “child” to “adult”
What are the important brain areas in adolescence?
the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and corpuys callosum
What is the corpus callosum?
Nerve fivers connect the brain’s two hemispheres; they thick in adolescence to process information more effectively
what is the prefrontal cortex?
this “judgment” region reins in intense eotions but doesn’t finish developing until 20
what is the amygdala?
the seat of emotions such as angle; this area develops quickly before other regions that help to control it
What does the socioemotional system (limbic system including amygdala) lead too?
rapid increase in dopaminergic activity early in puberty –> increases in reward-seeking
what does cognitive control system lead too?
more gradual maturation –> better self-regulation and improved impulse control
PFC - Prefrontal Cortext
important for complicated cognitive activities such as planning, decision making, setting goals, and metacognition
Physical Changes of puberty
- primary sex characteristics
- secondary sex characteristics
- myelination encourgaes efficiency in thought
- cerebellum continues to grow
What is the mortality rates in adolescence?
They increase 200-300%
Why is there an increase?
accidents, suicide, homicide
what are the primary sources of death/disability?
related to problems with control of behavior and emotion
Take home point
The primary reasons for the increase in mortality and morbidity seen in adolescence are related to control of behavior, cognition, and emotions
What other health-risk behaviors contribute to adolescent morbidity and morality?
1)Tobacco use
2)Alcohol and other drug use
3)Sexual behaviors→Unintended pregnancy, STD’s, HIV infection
4)Unhealthy dietary behaviors
5)Physical inactivity
6)Violence and injuries
What are other contributions to adolescent risk-taking?
- adolescence egocentrism
- the social context
- presence of peers in risk-taking situations increases the likelihood that adolescents will make risky decisions
How does the brain develop during this period?
- novelty seeking
- increased emotional intensity
- creative exploration
- social engagement
What are the implications for an increased drive for rewards in adolescents?
- impulsivity
- susceptibility to addiction
- shapes hyperrationality
