adolescence Flashcards
1
Q
what years are adolescence
A
11-18 years
2
Q
what years are young adulthood
A
18-22/25 years
3
Q
what stage of eric erikson’s therapy is adolescence
A
identity vs confusion
4
Q
what is the adolescent decade viewed as
A
transition period between childhood and adulthood
5
Q
what does the adolescent period begin with
A
sexual maturity
6
Q
what does the adolescent period end with
A
cessation of growth
7
Q
adolescent involved both
A
physical and psychological developemtn
8
Q
T/F: in adolescent a person reaches physical and sexual maturity ?
A
true
9
Q
during the adolescent period one grows more …. and search’s for…
A
self consciousness and identity
10
Q
what is marked by rapid physical growth and development of secondary sex characteristics
A
pre - adolescence
11
Q
pre adolescence in females are what years
A
8-10 years
12
Q
pre adolescence for males are what years
A
9-11 years
13
Q
puberty occurs due to
A
gonadal hormone changes
14
Q
when does puberty end
A
with th onset of menses
15
Q
when is the monarch eperiod for periods
A
12-13
16
Q
what is the onset of menses for males
A
production of sperm
17
Q
what are the 4 major changes in puberty
A
development of primary sex characteristics
develop secondary sex characteristics
rapid physical growth - spurt in height and weight
changes in body proportions
18
Q
T/F: are you suppose to consider all of the puberty changes as a pt during an evalutatuoin or designing a treatment plan
A
yes
19
Q
what are the primary sex characteristics
A
testes and orvaries
20
Q
what is the secondary sex characteristics
A
physical appearances
21
Q
what hormone is related to sex characteristics
A
Gonadotropin- releasing hormone
22
Q
Genetics
• Stress
• Socioeconomic status
• Environmental toxins
• Nutrition and diet, exercise
• Amount of fat and body weight
• Chronic illness
are all factors affecting what
A
timing of puberty
23
Q
in female athletes there menarch is
A
delayed
24
Q
do female athletes have menstrual irregularities?
A
yes
25
in female athletes what occurs after menarche
first ovulatory cycle
26
what is the establishment of cyclic ocarina function in female altheles
pubertal maturation
27
in female athletes the establishment of successive ovulatory cycles does not occurs for
months to years after menarche
28
which period has the second most rapid growth behind the prenatal period
puberty
29
growth spurt begins with ….
feet to legs to trunk
30
in puberty the height for boys is
4-12 inches
31
during puberty the growth part for girls is
2-8 inches
32
during puberty how much weight do grisl and boys gain?
15-65 lbs
33
during adolescence when do girls stop growing
16-17 years
34
by the age of 17 girls reach
98% of final height
35
when do boys reach their final height
18 years old
36
boys continue to grown in height until when
18-20
37
BMI: underweight
< 18.5
38
BMI: healthy weight
18.8-24.9
39
BMI: overweight
25-29.0
40
BMI: obese
>30
41
during puberty what reaches adult size first
the nose
42
what reaches adult side before the arms and legs
hands and feet
43
during puberty the LE becomes longer than the
trunk
44
during puberty the bones often
grow faster than muscles
45
since the bones grown faster than muscles during puberty this leads to
motor awkwardness
46
what does growth do as we approach later adolescence
slows down
47
are body porportion similar to those of adults during late adolescence?
yes
48
when does bone growth stop for grisl
18
49
when do bone growth stop for men
21
50
during later adolescence there is an improvement in
coordination
51
when is skeletal maturity attained
when the epipphyseal plates are closed
52
when does epiphyseal closure being
childhood
53
when do cranial bones fuse
2 YEARS OLD f
54
fusion of the vertebral arches of the vertebral arches is typically fuses in the
1st year of life
55
when are vertebral arches fused together in the lumbar spine
by 6 years
56
when is episphyseal closure typically complete by
age 25
57
what can a fx across a growth plate lead to
asymmetrical growth of that joint
58
what is a contraindicated over e piphysealareasin children**
the use of ultrasound
59
when does the closure of growth plates of long bones close
18-20 years
60
when do females stop growing
13-15
61
when do boys stop growing
15-17
62
is bone immature thru much of adolescence?
yes
63
in the bone there is more what with thick periosteum
porous
64
during adolescence there is unstable
growth plates (physes)
65
to indicate the maturation of bones what do you do
compare ossification amount on x-ray with standards
66
what increase during adolescence (muscular system(
muscle size, strength, and endurance
67
what increase first as the body grows (muscular system)
muscle mass
68
when is adults muscle diameter reached
in early teens (12-15)
69
what is the increase of strength directly related to
increase in muscle mass during growth
70
strength increase …. with age from childhood through adolescence (6-18)
linearly
71
girls strength level off after age
15
72
there is an acceleration of strength in boys between what ages
13-20
73
what doe the muscles have to do as the skeletal system grows
muscles have to length to have appropriate length to tension relationship
74
what is the pulse rate at rest for adolescents
60-90 bpm
75
what is the respiratory rate at rest for adolescents
16-24 breathes per mine
76
at rest there in an increase in size of
heart and volume of lungs
77
at rest what is there an increase in of lungs for adolescents
weight and volume
78
during acute exercises for adolescents what is the effect of HR
higher during submax and max exercise
79
during acute exercise there is a higher or lower stoke volume for adolescents
lower
80
during acute exercises there is a …. cardiac output in chillern and teens
higher
81
what is cardiac output
(HR x SV= CO)
82
during acute exercises what is the effect of BP for adolescents
lower at rest
slop of systolic rise is less dramatic with excercsie
83
during adolescence there is a what area to body mass ratio
greater surface
84
during adolescence , there is more production of what ( temp regulation)
metabolic heat/mass unit during physical activities
85
there is a lower sweating capacity due to what
fewer sweat glands
86
at high temps there is a risk of
heat related injuries
87
at low temps there is a risk for
increased heat loss
88
what is the frequency of exercise for adolescents
3-5 times per week
89
the intensity of exercise for an adolescent should be
50-85 % of vo2 MAX
90
what is the intensity of exercise for a reconditioned individual
40-50%
91
what is the borg scale used for
perceived exertion
92
what is the time period of exercise for adolescents
30-60 mins
if less than 30 then increase the frequency
93
what type of exercise should an adolescent do
play , games, sports , chores , fun things
94
All of these changes occurring in adolescence will hopefully result in a stronger person with increased
endurance and skill.
95
during adolescence , people become …. in their attitudes and interaction
negative
96
what is need for privacy, resent supervision and directions, struggle for independence, wish to be free from restrictions and parental control
social antagonism
97
what does growth spurt change
self esteem and peer group status
98
growth spurt causes a grow in
self consciousness
99
during adolescence people develop their own
self concepts and have emotional issues
100
who is Most self-centered, seen from their point of view
young teens (13-14)
101
young teens tend to value what
peers opinions
102
who isBetter at compromising, more tolerant of others’ views
middle teens (15-16)
103
middle teens think more
independently and are more decisions on their own
104
who is Risk-taking behaviors, with a focus on the present and denial of consequence
middle teens 15-16 years
105
when does dating begin
middle teens , 15-16
106
what age developers a sense of seriousness
late teens (17-18)
107
when does late teens end
when they take on adult work roles, marry, or become parents
108
what ages are increasingly capable of thinking hypothetically, applying formal logic, and using abstract concepts
11-14
109
smalle gains in self esteem have been documented during the
second decade of life
110
when is there the inital decline in self esteem
early adolescence , common amount girls
111
what is low self esteem associated with
depression, suicidal behavior,
delinquent behavior, and drug use
112
Self-esteem affected by personal judgment of:
Physical attractiveness, particularly among girls
• Acceptance by peers
• Academic competence
• Athletic ability and conduct
113
Perceived support from parents and peers is associated with
adolescent self-esteem
114
signs and symptoms of depression
sad, tired, withdrawn, think negative a
115
there has been 5000 suidces in young people what age
15-24
116
what is the 3rd leading cause of death in youths and young adults
suicide
117
what causes sucicide
problems with family, school, high expectations, relationship break-ups, substance abuse, poor choices
118
depression is masked by
by anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse, hyperactivity
119
Bulimia,Anorexia,Obesity are all examples of
eating disorders
120
what are examples of destructive behaviors in adolescence
disordered eating
self injuries behavior
substance abuse
121
puberty is accompanied by increase
sexual arousal
122
by the end of high school what % have had sexual intercourse
48%
123
wha type of children are at greater risk fro sexual abus
kids with special needs
124
what is it called when someone is taking precautions and reduce the chance of sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy
safe sex
125
what % of people use condos
57
126
what improves when adolescents play a lot of sports
neuromuscular control
127
there is a rapid growth and changes in the body porportion of adolescence which leads to
decreased coordination
128
increasing training volume can lead to
risk of injury
129
what can lead to increased risk for injury
sport specialization
rapid growth
increased training volume
130
what is Insufficient caloric intake and/or excessive energy expenditure leading to inadequate energy to support the body’s physiological functions
relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)
131
what is RED-S common in
adolescent athletes
132
what pt implications do RED-s cause
decreased muscular strength and endurance
chronic fatigue
133
RED-s cause bone loss which is increased risk for
stress fractured
134
RED-s also causes
psychological stress, depression and anxiety
135
RED_s was formerly known as the
female athlete triad
136
RED-S includes
female and male athletes
137
what resists anterior translation of the tibia
anterior crucial ligament
138
when does an ACL injury typically occur
with rapid change in direction or during non contact situations (landing or twisting)
139
ACL injury is most common in
female athletes
140
in pediatric patients , ACL injury can commonly occurs with a fx where
fx in the growth plate
141
ACL injury can lead to increased risk of
OA later in life
142
early stage of rehab for ACL injury is
ROM and mobility
143
Rehab for ACL injury includes gradually progressing to what after early stage
strengthening, endurance, and neuromuscular training
144
what muscles does rehab work on strengthening for ACL
hamstring and glutes
145
ACL rehab in the later stage is focused on
sports specific activities
