adolescence Flashcards
what years are adolescence
11-18 years
what years are young adulthood
18-22/25 years
what stage of eric erikson’s therapy is adolescence
identity vs confusion
what is the adolescent decade viewed as
transition period between childhood and adulthood
what does the adolescent period begin with
sexual maturity
what does the adolescent period end with
cessation of growth
adolescent involved both
physical and psychological developemtn
T/F: in adolescent a person reaches physical and sexual maturity ?
true
during the adolescent period one grows more …. and search’s for…
self consciousness and identity
what is marked by rapid physical growth and development of secondary sex characteristics
pre - adolescence
pre adolescence in females are what years
8-10 years
pre adolescence for males are what years
9-11 years
puberty occurs due to
gonadal hormone changes
when does puberty end
with th onset of menses
when is the monarch eperiod for periods
12-13
what is the onset of menses for males
production of sperm
what are the 4 major changes in puberty
development of primary sex characteristics
develop secondary sex characteristics
rapid physical growth - spurt in height and weight
changes in body proportions
T/F: are you suppose to consider all of the puberty changes as a pt during an evalutatuoin or designing a treatment plan
yes
what are the primary sex characteristics
testes and orvaries
what is the secondary sex characteristics
physical appearances
what hormone is related to sex characteristics
Gonadotropin- releasing hormone
Genetics
• Stress
• Socioeconomic status
• Environmental toxins
• Nutrition and diet, exercise
• Amount of fat and body weight
• Chronic illness
are all factors affecting what
timing of puberty
in female athletes there menarch is
delayed
do female athletes have menstrual irregularities?
yes
in female athletes what occurs after menarche
first ovulatory cycle
what is the establishment of cyclic ocarina function in female altheles
pubertal maturation
in female athletes the establishment of successive ovulatory cycles does not occurs for
months to years after menarche
which period has the second most rapid growth behind the prenatal period
puberty
growth spurt begins with ….
feet to legs to trunk
in puberty the height for boys is
4-12 inches
during puberty the growth part for girls is
2-8 inches
during puberty how much weight do grisl and boys gain?
15-65 lbs
during adolescence when do girls stop growing
16-17 years
by the age of 17 girls reach
98% of final height
when do boys reach their final height
18 years old
boys continue to grown in height until when
18-20
BMI: underweight
< 18.5
BMI: healthy weight
18.8-24.9
BMI: overweight
25-29.0
BMI: obese
> 30
during puberty what reaches adult size first
the nose
what reaches adult side before the arms and legs
hands and feet
during puberty the LE becomes longer than the
trunk
during puberty the bones often
grow faster than muscles
since the bones grown faster than muscles during puberty this leads to
motor awkwardness
what does growth do as we approach later adolescence
slows down
are body porportion similar to those of adults during late adolescence?
yes
when does bone growth stop for grisl
18
when do bone growth stop for men
21
during later adolescence there is an improvement in
coordination
when is skeletal maturity attained
when the epipphyseal plates are closed
when does epiphyseal closure being
childhood
when do cranial bones fuse
2 YEARS OLD f
fusion of the vertebral arches of the vertebral arches is typically fuses in the
1st year of life
when are vertebral arches fused together in the lumbar spine
by 6 years
when is episphyseal closure typically complete by
age 25
what can a fx across a growth plate lead to
asymmetrical growth of that joint
what is a contraindicated over e piphysealareasin children**
the use of ultrasound
when does the closure of growth plates of long bones close
18-20 years
when do females stop growing
13-15
when do boys stop growing
15-17
is bone immature thru much of adolescence?
yes
in the bone there is more what with thick periosteum
porous
during adolescence there is unstable
growth plates (physes)
to indicate the maturation of bones what do you do
compare ossification amount on x-ray with standards
what increase during adolescence (muscular system(
muscle size, strength, and endurance
what increase first as the body grows (muscular system)
muscle mass
when is adults muscle diameter reached
in early teens (12-15)
what is the increase of strength directly related to
increase in muscle mass during growth
strength increase …. with age from childhood through adolescence (6-18)
linearly
girls strength level off after age
15
there is an acceleration of strength in boys between what ages
13-20
what doe the muscles have to do as the skeletal system grows
muscles have to length to have appropriate length to tension relationship
what is the pulse rate at rest for adolescents
60-90 bpm
what is the respiratory rate at rest for adolescents
16-24 breathes per mine
at rest there in an increase in size of
heart and volume of lungs
at rest what is there an increase in of lungs for adolescents
weight and volume
during acute exercises for adolescents what is the effect of HR
higher during submax and max exercise
during acute exercise there is a higher or lower stoke volume for adolescents
lower
during acute exercises there is a …. cardiac output in chillern and teens
higher
what is cardiac output
(HR x SV= CO)
during acute exercises what is the effect of BP for adolescents
lower at rest
slop of systolic rise is less dramatic with excercsie
during adolescence there is a what area to body mass ratio
greater surface
during adolescence , there is more production of what ( temp regulation)
metabolic heat/mass unit during physical activities
there is a lower sweating capacity due to what
fewer sweat glands
at high temps there is a risk of
heat related injuries
at low temps there is a risk for
increased heat loss
what is the frequency of exercise for adolescents
3-5 times per week
the intensity of exercise for an adolescent should be
50-85 % of vo2 MAX
what is the intensity of exercise for a reconditioned individual
40-50%
what is the borg scale used for
perceived exertion
what is the time period of exercise for adolescents
30-60 mins
if less than 30 then increase the frequency
what type of exercise should an adolescent do
play , games, sports , chores , fun things
All of these changes occurring in adolescence will hopefully result in a stronger person with increased
endurance and skill.
during adolescence , people become …. in their attitudes and interaction
negative
what is need for privacy, resent supervision and directions, struggle for independence, wish to be free from restrictions and parental control
social antagonism
what does growth spurt change
self esteem and peer group status
growth spurt causes a grow in
self consciousness
during adolescence people develop their own
self concepts and have emotional issues
who is Most self-centered, seen from their point of view
young teens (13-14)
young teens tend to value what
peers opinions
who isBetter at compromising, more tolerant of others’ views
middle teens (15-16)
middle teens think more
independently and are more decisions on their own
who is Risk-taking behaviors, with a focus on the present and denial of consequence
middle teens 15-16 years
when does dating begin
middle teens , 15-16
what age developers a sense of seriousness
late teens (17-18)
when does late teens end
when they take on adult work roles, marry, or become parents
what ages are increasingly capable of thinking hypothetically, applying formal logic, and using abstract concepts
11-14
smalle gains in self esteem have been documented during the
second decade of life
when is there the inital decline in self esteem
early adolescence , common amount girls
what is low self esteem associated with
depression, suicidal behavior,
delinquent behavior, and drug use
Self-esteem affected by personal judgment of:
Physical attractiveness, particularly among girls
• Acceptance by peers
• Academic competence
• Athletic ability and conduct
Perceived support from parents and peers is associated with
adolescent self-esteem
signs and symptoms of depression
sad, tired, withdrawn, think negative a
there has been 5000 suidces in young people what age
15-24
what is the 3rd leading cause of death in youths and young adults
suicide
what causes sucicide
problems with family, school, high expectations, relationship break-ups, substance abuse, poor choices
depression is masked by
by anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse, hyperactivity
Bulimia,Anorexia,Obesity are all examples of
eating disorders
what are examples of destructive behaviors in adolescence
disordered eating
self injuries behavior
substance abuse
puberty is accompanied by increase
sexual arousal
by the end of high school what % have had sexual intercourse
48%
wha type of children are at greater risk fro sexual abus
kids with special needs
what is it called when someone is taking precautions and reduce the chance of sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy
safe sex
what % of people use condos
57
what improves when adolescents play a lot of sports
neuromuscular control
there is a rapid growth and changes in the body porportion of adolescence which leads to
decreased coordination
increasing training volume can lead to
risk of injury
what can lead to increased risk for injury
sport specialization
rapid growth
increased training volume
what is Insufficient caloric intake and/or excessive energy expenditure leading to inadequate energy to support the body’s physiological functions
relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)
what is RED-S common in
adolescent athletes
what pt implications do RED-s cause
decreased muscular strength and endurance
chronic fatigue
RED-s cause bone loss which is increased risk for
stress fractured
RED-s also causes
psychological stress, depression and anxiety
RED_s was formerly known as the
female athlete triad
RED-S includes
female and male athletes
what resists anterior translation of the tibia
anterior crucial ligament
when does an ACL injury typically occur
with rapid change in direction or during non contact situations (landing or twisting)
ACL injury is most common in
female athletes
in pediatric patients , ACL injury can commonly occurs with a fx where
fx in the growth plate
ACL injury can lead to increased risk of
OA later in life
early stage of rehab for ACL injury is
ROM and mobility
Rehab for ACL injury includes gradually progressing to what after early stage
strengthening, endurance, and neuromuscular training
what muscles does rehab work on strengthening for ACL
hamstring and glutes
ACL rehab in the later stage is focused on
sports specific activities
