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ADL > ADL Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

ADL Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

APTA

A

American Physical Therapy Association

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2
Q

POC

A

Plan of Care

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3
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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4
Q

Tasks a PTA CANNOT do

A

evaluate or re-evaluate, diagnose, or discharge a patient change the POC

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5
Q

Tasks a PTA CAN do

A

observe and measure pt status after initial eval by PT, treat within the scope of practice and POC, change/modify interventions within the POC after discussion with PT, treat patients per STATE practice act

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6
Q

What dictates what a PTA can do?

A

State Practice Act

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7
Q

Who is ultimately responsible for any successes or mistakes made by the PTA?

A

Physical Therapist

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8
Q

Factors a PT considers for decision to delegate care to the PTA

A

State Practice Act, PTA’s education and experience, payer regulations

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9
Q

What should a PTA do if he/she does not feel comfortable or competent performing a task the PT has delegated?

A

Communicate that to the PT, do not perform the task

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10
Q

How can PTA make modifications to the POC established by the PT?

A

speak to supervising PT about pt progress, if POC did not specify which modalities or exercises-can modify what is used, change weight/type/frequency of exercises
If negative changes to pt status–decrease intensity, change location of electrodes, stop exercises and monitor/notify

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11
Q

When to contact supervising PT

A

patient-not reaching goals
-has met established goals
-has a new medical status
-needs to be discharged
PTA has questions/concerns with POC
PT needs to change/update POC

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12
Q

CAPTE

A

Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education

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13
Q

HIPAA protects

A

privacy of patient’s medical records and other health information

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14
Q

HIPAA provides patient

A

access to their medical records

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15
Q

Appropriate people with whom to discuss pt care

A

Pt’s nurse, physician, and supervising PT

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16
Q

Inappropriate people/places to discuss pt care

A

neighbor, elevator, any non-private area, sister-in-law, open computer screen with pt’s record showing

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17
Q

P in SOAP note

A

Plan-intention for future sessions

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18
Q

O in SOAP note

A

objective data, information obtained through measurements and testing, interventions conducted

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19
Q

S in SOAP

A

subjective-information gained from direct conversing with patient or patient’s caregivers; includes pain rating

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20
Q

A in SOAP

A

assessment-indicate patient’s change in status as result of interventions conducted (changes in pain, ROM, strength, level of assist, etc)

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21
Q

Confirmation of patient identity

A

asking pt name, checking ID bracelet, checking medical ID number, confirmation of diagnosis

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22
Q

Number of forms of ID to check for best practice

A

2

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23
Q

Components of Informed Consent

A

education to patient of planned treatment, checked for precautions/contraindications, risks associated with treatment, benefits of treatment, time frame, costs, alternatives to treatment, allows for pt to ask questions

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24
Q

Importance of Informed Consent

A

to verify that the planned procedure is safe for the patient and to protect the provider legally

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25
Q

Effective communication

A

clear/concise directions, monitor facial expressions for pt response, know pt challenges (vision, hearing, cognitive, language barriers), be aware of environment, demonstrate, ask pt to demonstrate/teach-back, touch, allow time, develop rapport, repetition enhances learning! (see Box 1-7)

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26
Q

ICF

A

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

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27
Q

Goal of ICF

A

to minimize effects of disability while maximizing pt function (ultimate goal is to assist with planning and communication across the government and other sectors, to provide common language and terms, to give an organized data structure, to serve multiple purposes

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28
Q

ICF terms

A

Health condition, body functions and structures, activity, participation, environmental factors, personal factors

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29
Q

helps a practitioner create clinical questions and attempt to answer or research those questions

A

PICO

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30
Q

PICO

A

Patient population involved, Intervention used, Comparative intervention, Outcome of each

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31
Q

EBRO recommendations

A

classification of study results and recommendations according to level of evidence; highest level is meta-analysis (systematic reviews), lowest level is expert opinion

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32
Q

Why are body mechanics important?

A

energy efficient, reduces stress on joints/ligaments/tendons, improves cardiac/respiratory function, encourages proper body control and balance, promotes safe movements

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33
Q

COG in adult

A

just anterior to S2-between symphysis pubis and umbilicus

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34
Q

Decreases work of lifting

A

lower COG, closer COG to object being lifted/pushed/pulled

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35
Q

increases stability

A

wider BOS; VGL within BOS

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36
Q

this trunk position has the greatest potential to cause damage when reaching or lifting

A

trunk flexion and rotation

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37
Q

Which time of day do more back injuries occur after attempting a lift

A

morning

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38
Q

An effective way to view a person’s body to assess posture

A

plumb line

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39
Q

sagittal plane plumb line landmarks

A

bisect ear, through bodies of cervical vertebrae, midline of acromion, through bodies of lumbar vertebrae, midline of greater trochanter, just anterior to knee, just anterior to malleolus

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40
Q

frontal plane plumb line assessment

A

level head and shoulders, midline sternum, level ASIS, legs slightly apart, no genu valgus or varus, normal arch in ankles, feet slightly outward toeing (7 degrees is normal)

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41
Q

Where to align plumb line in sagittal postural assessment

A

just anterior to ankle, relaxed/normal posture

42
Q

features of lumbar lordosis

A

anterior pelvic tilt, lengthened and weak rectus abdominis, lengthened and weak gluteals, tight hamstrings, flexed hips

43
Q

features of kyphosis

A

forward head, hyperextended cervical spine, increased flexion of thoracic spine, tightness in pectorals and rectus abdominis,

44
Q

types of kyphosis

A

round back, Gibbus or humpback, Dowager’s hump

45
Q

lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

46
Q

the study of people’s efficiency in their working environment

A

ergonomics

47
Q

causes of nonstructural scoliosis

A

poor posture, leg length discrepancy

48
Q

lying posture that causes least amount of disc pressure

A

supine

49
Q

position used during 75% of work that creates highest intervertebral disc pressure

A

sitting

50
Q

Principles of workplace ergonomics

A

avoid sitting/standing for prolonged periods, use cushioned mats and supportive shoes for standing, maintain normal spinal curves, take breaks, distribute weight evenly, use high-low tables/step stools/properly fitted chairs and desks

51
Q

most vulnerable location for potential injuries with incorrect body mechanics

A

lumbar spine

52
Q

holding breath against a closed airway while performing physical activity; increases blood pressure

A

Valsalva

53
Q

action to take if patient suddenly complains of pain during treatment session

A

stop treatment, assess situation, alert supervising PT if condition changes or gets worse

54
Q

Potential risks/adverse effects of Valsalva

A

Syncope, hypotension, ruptured artery

55
Q

causes of poor posture

A

Muscle weakness, Body deformities, Lax ligaments, Soft tissue tightness, Abnormal muscle tone, Abnormal pelvic angles or joint positions

56
Q

COG is shifted forward, plumb line posterior to acetabulum, hyperextension at knee joints

A

swayback posture

57
Q

Head tipped up, plumb line posterior to hip, slightly hyperextended knees

A

Military posture

58
Q

Deep squat lift

A

hips below level of knees, feet parallel to each other, straddle object to be lifted, pull object close to body, maintain normal lumbar lordosis; heavy items

59
Q

Power lift

A

hips don’t go below knees, feet parallel and behind object to be lifted, pull object close to body, maintain lumbar lordosis

60
Q

Single leg stance lift (Golfer’s lift)

A

weight shifted to one leg with hip and knee slightly flexed, other leg kicked out behind keeping knee straight, flex forward at hips, grasp- using arm opposite side of leg being kicked out; for lightweight items only

61
Q

Stoop lift

A

flex at hips and knees, maintain normal lumbar lordosis, bend and lift with one upper extremity, return to standing (avoid lateral bending of spine or twisting); for items that are below waist and can be reached without squatting

62
Q

Straight leg lift (Waiter’s bow)

A

knees slightly flexed, lower extremities parallel to each other, maintain normal lumbar lordosis, pull object close to body; for lifting items out of trunk or back of truck

63
Q

Normal adult resting heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

64
Q

Age-predicted maximal heart rate

A

220-age

65
Q

Normal adult respiratory rate

A

12-16 breaths per minute

66
Q

Instrument used to assess oxygen saturation in blood; also measures pulse

A

pulse oximeter

67
Q

Normal SpO2

A

95-100

68
Q

blood pressure changes with age

A

increases as we age

69
Q

causes of hypertension

A

decrease of elasticity in blood vessels, build up of plaque in arteries that narrows vessels

70
Q

drop of 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure or drop of 10 mmHg in diastolic pressure within 2-5 minutes of standing up, or if standing causes S/S; sudden drop in blood pressure as result of position change

A

orthostatic hypotension

71
Q

normal adult blood pressure

A

less than 120 systolic AND less than 80 diastolic

72
Q

hypertension stage 1

A

systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89

73
Q

hypertension stage 2

A

systolic 140 or higher OR diastolic 90 or higher

74
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

systolic higher than 180 AND/OR diastolic higher thann 120

75
Q

elevated blood pressure

A

systolic 120-129 AND diastolic less than 80

76
Q

Factors that affect blood pressure

A

artery diameter/elasticity, age, exercise, positioning, emotion/stress

77
Q

Factors that affect temperature

A

time of day, illness, food/fluid consumption, exercise, environment, pregnancy/menstruation

78
Q

locations to take temperature

A

ear, rectal, axillary, temporal, oral

79
Q

most accurate location for temperature reading

A

rectal

80
Q

Factors that affect pain

A

medications, emotions, activity/exercise

81
Q

most common way to assess pts pain

A

numeric pain rating scale

82
Q

rating which indicates no pain on numeric pain rating scale

A

0

83
Q

Factors that affect respiratory rate

A

age, body size/stature, exercise, positioning, disease processes

84
Q

normal respiratory rate for infants

A

30-60 breaths/min

85
Q

normal respiratory rate for children

A

18-30 breaths/min

86
Q

difficulty breathing (shortness of breath)

A

dyspnea

87
Q

pulse measurement sites

A

temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedal, posterior tibial

88
Q

Factors that affect heart rate

A

age, sex, anxiety/stress, environmental temperature, exercise, infection, medications/disease processes

89
Q

Abnormal heart rate responses to exercise

A

HR not increasing or slowly increasing with exercise, increasing more than expected with exercise, or declining with exercise; HR declining with exercise, heart rhythm or volume changing with exercise

90
Q

Position of arm for measurement of blood pressure at brachial artery

A

at level of heart

91
Q

PPE required for Measles or Tuberculosis

A

Airborne: N95 mask

92
Q

PPE required for chickenpox, herpes zoster or smallpox

A

Airborne Plus Contact: N95 mask, gown, gloves

93
Q

PPE required for Mumps, Group A Streptococcus, Influenza

A

Droplet: mask if within 3 feet, gown and gloves only if skin lesions present

94
Q

PPE required for MRSA, VRE, C Diff, lice, Zika, Impetigo

A

Contact: gown, gloves, dedicated equipment in room, mask for Zika

95
Q

when to wash hands vs using alcohol rub

A

wound care procedures, treating patient with highly communicable disease, hands are visibly soiled

96
Q

protective isolation is used to

A

protect immunocompromised patients, protect patients whose conditions or disease causes them to be at high risk of becoming infected, protect the patient from infections carried by visitors and caregivers

97
Q

highly infectious disease that causes severe diarrhea, especially in older adults or those with compromised immune systems and is NOT killed by alcohol rub

A

C Diff (Clostridium Difficile)

98
Q

goal of Safety Data Sheets

A

to allow chemical users quick and easy access to informatino about the chemicals they use, especially those related to safety concerns

99
Q

length of time to scrub during handwashing

A

20-30 seconds

100
Q

What is necessary to ensure infections are not spread throughout a facility

A

education and gentle reminders if necessary to ALL people employed in health care setting

ADL (4 decks)

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