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Hungarian Grammar > Adjectives > Flashcards

Adjectives Flashcards

1
Q

Q: What kind of flower did you find?
A1: I found a white flower.
A2: A white (one)

A 
Q: Milyen virágot találtál meg?
A1: Egy fehér virágot találtam meg
A2: Egy fehérET
---
In the short (second) answer, the adjective is acting as a full-blown standalone noun substantive. Adjectival nouns are inflected almost identically to nominative (dictionary) nouns.

The difference is that: for adjectives ending in -ü the plural is -ek
and for adjectives ending in -i the plural is -ak/-ek (c.f. just plain -k for nominative nouns)

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2
Q

For adjectives ending in -ü, the plural is __, and for adjectives ending in -i, the plural is __.

A
  • ek;

- ak/-ek (c.f. just plain -k for nominative nouns)

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3
Q

There are two types of (absolute) adjectives.

A
  1. When an adjective comes logically “before” a noun, it is attributive.

The happy boy smiles.
The happy boys smile.

  1. When an adjective comes logically “after” the noun and copula (e.g. is, was, etc), they are predicative.

The boy is happy.
The boys are happy.

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4
Q

In Hungarian, attributive adjectives usually remain in the __, just like in English.

A 
singular
---
1. A boldog fiú mosolyog. 
The happy boy smiles.
2. A boldog fiúK mosolyognak. 
The happy boys smile.

Note here how when we pluralise the happy boy, the adjective (boldog) remains singular.

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5
Q
  1. The happy boy smiles.

2. The happy boys smile.

A
  1. A boldog fiú mosolyog.
  2. ## A boldog fiúK mosolyognak.In Hungarian, attributive adjectives usually remain in the singular, just like in English.
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6
Q

In Hungarian, predicative adjectives __ for their noun, unlike in English.

A

Note here how when we pluralise the boys being happy, the adjective (boldog) now matches the plural of the boys.

  1. a. A fiú boldog.
    The boy is happy.
    b. A fiúK boldogOK.
    The boys are happy.
  2. a. A lány szép.
    The girl is beautiful (predicative).
    b. A lányOK szépEK.
    The girls are beautiful (predicative).
  3. a. Boldog volt a fiú, hogy látja a kutyáját.
    Happy was the boy that he sees his dog.
    b. BoldogOK voltAK a fiúK, hogy látjáK a kutyájUKat.
    Happy were the boys that they see their dog.
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7
Q
  1. The boy is happy.

2. The boys are happy.

A
  1. A fiú boldog.
  2. ## A fiúK boldogOK.In Hungarian, predicative adjectives match in number for their noun, unlike in English.
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8
Q
  1. The girl is beautiful (predicative).

2. The girls are beautiful (predicative).

A
  1. A lány szép.
  2. A lányOK szépEK.

In Hungarian, predicative adjectives match in number for their noun, unlike in English.

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9
Q
  1. Happy was the boy that he sees his dog.

2. Happy were the boys that they see their dog.

A
  1. Boldog volt a fiú, hogy látja a kutyáját.
  2. ## BoldogOK voltAK a fiúK, hogy látjáK a kutyájUKat.In Hungarian, predicative adjectives match in number for their noun, unlike in English.
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10
Q

When we pluralise a sentence that contains both attributive and predicative adjectives, __.

A 
the rules do not break. We pluralise the predicative, and not the attributive
---
1. Az a magyar lány szép. 
That Hungarian girl is beautiful.
2. AzOK a magyar lányOK szépEK. 
Those Hungarian girls are beautiful.
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11
Q
  1. That Hungarian girl is beautiful.

2. Those Hungarian girls are beautiful.

A
  1. Az a magyar lány szép.
  2. ## AzOK a magyar lányOK szépEK.When we pluralise a sentence that contains both attributive and predicative adjectives, the rules do not break. We pluralise the predicative, and not the attributive.
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12
Q

Happy were the boys to see their dog.

Predicative or attributive?

A

It’s written on the paper before the noun, but it applies logically afterwards. Here, happy is predicative.

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13
Q

The key feature of the comparative form of adjectives is __.

A

gyorsABB - faster
kisEBB - smaller
melegEBB - hotter
gazdagABB - richer
nagyOBB - larger (irregular)

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14
Q

faster

A

gyorsABB

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15
Q

smaller

A

kisEBB

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16
Q

hotter

A

melegEBB

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17
Q

richer

A

gazdagABB

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18
Q

larger

A

nagyOBB

19
Q

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding __.

A 
mint
---
1. Én nagyOBB vagyok, MINT TE.
I am larger than you.
2. Te gyorsABB vagy, MINT ÉN.
You are faster than I*.
3. Ő kisEBB, MINT ÉN.
He is smaller than I*.
4. Ők gazdagABBAK, MINT ÉN.
They are richer than I*.
5. Ez a toll jOBB, MINT AZ ENYÉM. 
This pen is better than mine.
6. Ez a toll NEM jOBB, MINT AZ ENYÉM.
This pen is not better than mine.
7. Ági lassABBAN vezet, mint Daniel. 
Ági drives more slowly than Daniel.**

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

*I Note how it’s correct to say, than I, not than me. See my page on English pronouns

** Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

20
Q

I am larger than you.

A

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding mint.

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

21
Q

You are faster than I*.

A

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding mint.

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

22
Q

He is smaller than I*.

A

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding mint.

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

23
Q

They are richer than I*.

A

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding mint.

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

24
Q

This pen is better than mine.

A

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding mint.

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

25
Q

This pen is not better than mine.

A

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding mint.

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

26
Q

Ági drives more slowly than Daniel.**

A

On its own, -abb is only of limited use. To say, “I am smarter” is not very helpful without “than you”. We form this by adding mint.

Note the comma. This literally translates as I am smarter, than you.
You are taller, than I.

Note that we say lassabban, more slowly ; we do not say slower. See the section on adverbs.

27
Q

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the __ form.
Note that we can only use this form in __. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

A 
-nál/-nél (adessive); 
comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form
---
1. Én nagyobb vagyok NÁLAD. 
I am larger than you.
2. Te gyorsabb vagy NÁLA. 
You are faster than he.
3. Ő kisebb NÁLAM. 
He is smaller than I.
4. Ők gazdagabbak NÁLUNK. 
They are richer than we.
5. Ez a toll jobb az enyémNÉL. 
This pen is better than mine.
6. Ez a toll nem jobb az övéNÉL. 
This pen is not better than his.
7. Ági lassabban vezet DanielNÉL. 
Ági drives more slowly than Daniel.
28
Q

I am larger than you.

not abb/-ebb

A

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the -nál/-nél (adessive) form.

Note that we can only use this form in comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

29
Q

You are faster than he.

not abb/-ebb

A

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the -nál/-nél (adessive) form.

Note that we can only use this form in comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

30
Q

He is smaller than I.

not abb/-ebb

A

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the -nál/-nél (adessive) form.

Note that we can only use this form in comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

31
Q

They are richer than we.

not abb/-ebb

A

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the -nál/-nél (adessive) form.

Note that we can only use this form in comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

32
Q

This pen is better than mine.

not abb/-ebb

A

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the -nál/-nél (adessive) form.

Note that we can only use this form in comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

33
Q

This pen is not better than his.

not abb/-ebb

A

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the -nál/-nél (adessive) form.

Note that we can only use this form in comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

34
Q

Ági drives more slowly than Daniel.

not abb/-ebb

A

There is a second way of saying than. This does not use mint, nor the comma, rather the target of the comparison is put into the -nál/-nél (adessive) form.

Note that we can only use this form in comparative statements, in which this form of the pronoun replaces mint in its than form. It cannot be used in equality statements because it cannot replace mint in its as form.

35
Q

Just like with absolute (dictionaty) forms of adjectives, we must put the comparative forms into the plural when they are in __ form.

A 
predicative
---
1. Ez a lány magasABB, mint az a fiú? 
Is this girl taller than that boy?
2. EzEK a lányOK magasABBAK, mint azOK a fiúK? 
Are these girls taller than those boys?
36
Q
  1. Is this girl taller than that boy?

2. Are these girls taller than those boys?

A
  1. Ez a lány magasABB, mint az a fiú?
  2. ## EzEK a lányOK magasABBAK, mint azOK a fiúK?Just like with absolute (dictionary) forms of adjectives , we must put the comparative forms into the plural when they are in predicative form.
37
Q

Is this girl taller than that boy?

A

Just like with absolute (dictionary) forms of adjectives , we must put the comparative forms into the plural when they are in predicative form.

38
Q
  1. Is London larger than Budapest?

2. Yes, much larger, and there are many more bridges in London than in Budapest.

A
  1. London nagyobb BudapestNÉL?
  2. ## Igen, sokkal nagyOBB, és sokkal több híd van Londonban, MINT Budapesten.Here is a great example, from Whitney, which compares the London and Budapest bridges. He uses both the mint and the -nál/-nél forms to show their equivalence. Note well how when we compare plural objects, we also but the adjective into the plural.
39
Q
  1. Are the London bridges longer than the Budapest bridges?

2. No, the Budapest bridges are longer than the London bridges.

A
  1. HosszABBAK a londoni hidAK, mint a budapesti hidAK?
  2. ## Nem, a budapesti hidAK hosszABBAK a londoni hidAKNÁL.Here is a great example, from Whitney, which compares the London and Budapest bridges. He uses both the mint and the -nál/-nél forms to show their equivalence. Note well how when we compare plural objects, we also but the adjective into the plural.
40
Q

The more beautiful the girl, the prouder the boy.

A

Here is a great example, from Whitney, which compares the London and Budapest bridges. He uses both the mint and the -nál/-nél forms to show their equivalence. Note well how when we compare plural objects, we also but the adjective into the plural.

41
Q

The are several bridges in Budapest, each more beautiful than the next.

A

Here is a great example, from Whitney, which compares the London and Budapest bridges. He uses both the mint and the -nál/-nél forms to show their equivalence. Note well how when we compare plural objects, we also but the adjective into the plural.

42
Q

This is more beautiful than the others.

A

Here is a great example, from Whitney, which compares the London and Budapest bridges. He uses both the mint and the -nál/-nél forms to show their equivalence. Note well how when we compare plural objects, we also but the adjective into the plural.

43
Q

The more traffic, the more bridges are needed.

A

Here is a great example, from Whitney, which compares the London and Budapest bridges. He uses both the mint and the -nál/-nél forms to show their equivalence. Note well how when we compare plural objects, we also but the adjective into the plural.

44
Q

http://hungarianreference.com/Adjectives/superlative-leg-bb.aspx

A

left off here

Hungarian Grammar (9 decks)

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