Adjective Endings

Question 1

Adjectives without endings

Aller Anfang ist schwer.
Die Aufgaben wurden interessant aber schwierig

Answer 1

Every beginning is difficult.
The exercises became interesting but difficult

Question 2

Note that uninflected adjectives and some adverbs are identical in

schnell as adjective: Der Wagen ist schnell.
ein schneller, fahrender Wagen.

schnell as adverb:Der Wagen fährt schnell.

Answer 2

The car is fast.
a fast, moving car

The car moves rapidly.

Question 3

Adjectives with endings

politisches Theater

Answer 3

political theater

Question 4

politisches Theater

Answer 4

political theater

Question 5

das politische Theater

Answer 5

the political theater

Question 6

Adjectives with endings

ein großer Dichter

Answer 6

a great poet

Question 7

des politischen Theaters

Answer 7

of the political theater

Question 8

deutsches Theater

Answer 8

German theater

Question 9

schönes Mädchen

Answer 9

Beautiful girl

Question 10

schöne Mädchen

Answer 10

beautiful girls

Question 11

participle

The present participle in German functions primarily as a modifier.

Question 12

der sterbende Wald 

Answer 12

the dying forest

Question 13

Present Participle

das fließende Wasser

Answer 13

the running water

Question 14

Watch for words ending in -end (plus adjective ending). All German infinitives can be turned into a present participle, thus creating many forms that require a relative clause construction in English

Question 15

Remember: nouns modified by a present participle are doing something. e.g.
das schlafende Kind

Answer 15

he sleeping child (the child who is sleeping)

Question 16

When a noun is modified by a past participle, something has been done to the noun, or the past participle shows something that the noun has done. e.g.

Answer 16

das geschriebene Wort
the written word (the word that was written)

Question 17

10.6 Infinitives Used as Nouns
Infinitives used as nouns are always neuter. English often uses a gerund (verb + -ing) in place of the German infinitive used as a noun.
e.g. In dieser Zeit blühte das Denken der Romantiker

Answer 17

In dieser Zeit blühte das Denken der Romantiker

Question 18

The frequent combination zum + infinitive translates to for + verb + -ing

Answer 18

For learning one needs books. For understanding one needs 
intelligence.

Question 19

Zum Lernen braucht man Bücher. Zum Verstehen braucht man
Intelligenz.

Answer 19

For learning one needs books. For understanding one needs 
intelligence.

Question 20

Comparison of Adjectives

lang länger längst

Answer 20

long, longer, lognest

Question 21

The superlative construction am -sten has no equivalent English structure. The expression am ältesten translates simply as the eldest. The am
-sten construction also occurs as an adverb, for example:
ie am wenigsten zahlreichen Länder

Answer 21

the least numerous nations

Question 22

adjectives Umlauts

arm, ärmer, der/die/das ärmste;
am ärmsten

Answer 22

poor, poorer poorest

Question 23

B. Gern(e), lieber, am liebsten
Gern is a common adverb that has no direct equivalent in English and
translates best as an indication of preference.

Answer 23

Er studiert gern Literatur. Ich studiere lieber Geschichte.
He likes to study literature. I prefer to study history

Unser Professor unterrichtet am liebsten Literaturgeschichte.
Our professor likes teaching literary history best.

Question 24

The adverb gern can only modify a verb. The combination of gern
haben + a person or thing translates to like the person or thing.

Der Patient hat die Medizin nicht gern.

Answer 24

The patient doesn’t like the medicine

Question 25

11.4 Special Uses of the Comparative and Superlative
A. Comparative Comparative followed by als
Der Mond ist kleiner als die Erde

Answer 25

The moon is smaller than the earth

Question 26

Immer +comparative

immer besser

Answer 26

better and better, increasingly bette

Question 27

Je 1 comparative … desto/je/umso 1 comparative

Answer 27

je mehr, desto besser can be translated as the more,
the merrier.

Question 28

Superlative expression

äußerst langsam
höchstens
höchst lehrreich
in neuester Zeit

Answer 28

very (extremely) slow
at most, at best
very (most) instructive
most recently

Question 29

meist, meistens

Answer 29

usually, as a rule

Question 30

möglichst schnell

Answer 30

as fast as possible

Question 31

wenigstens

Answer 31

at least