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Terrorism / Counterterrorism > ADJ - Exam 1 - Review > Flashcards

ADJ - Exam 1 - Review Flashcards

1
Q

Islamism

A

An ideology which demands complete and absolute adherence to sacred law of Islam and rejects all outside influence.

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2
Q

What does Islamism turning religion into an ideology do?

A

Allows for political elements to mix with religion in various ways

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3
Q

What effect do moral entrepreneurs have?

A

If the moral entrepreneurs support radical or extreme concepts; society will fall in line

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4
Q

Provide an example of moral entrepreneurs.

A

An example is ISIL, when the terrorist group takes over an area they became the moral entrepreneurs and the majority of people in the controlled area fall in line due to fear and threats.

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5
Q

A Jihadist is not economically destitute but rather what?

A

Contrary to popular belief a jihadist is not always economically destitute but rather a person who is well educated and has a full time job.

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6
Q

What kind of person is a Jihadist?

A

The person can be from different ethnic backgrounds and may not even have a criminal background.

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7
Q

Assassin

A

The term assassin emerged from Persia which was eventually adopted by terrorist groups.

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8
Q

Who said “Publicity is the oxygen of terrorism”?

A

Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher

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9
Q

When and where was the first skyjacking?

A

The first recorded “Skyjacking”, later referred to as “hijacking” of an airplane took place in 1931 in Lima, Peru.

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10
Q

According to the Aviation Safety Network how many skyjacking incidents have occurred over the years?

A

Over 1,000

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11
Q

Why do terror organizations view airlines as an avenue to pursue terror?

A

Terror organizations viewed airlines as an avenue to pursue terror for the following reasons:

At one time airlines were a soft target

Airlines provided media attention for the organization

Planes carry individuals from a variety of nations, which spreads messages across the globe

Hijackings promote fear around the world

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12
Q

What is included under the umbrella of Weapons of Mass Destruction?

A

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD’s) include:

  1. Nuclear
  2. Biological 3. Chemical
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13
Q

What is the oldest form of a WMD

A

Biological Weapons

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14
Q

What is a Biological Weapon?

A

Biological weapons are living organisms such as, bacteria and viruses, which do not discriminate between terrorists and their intended victims

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15
Q

Why do many countries obtain chemical weapons?

A

Most chemical weapons are extremely cheap to produce, which is why many countries obtain chemical weapons

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16
Q

How many countries have the desire and capacity to build components for a WMD?

A

Approximately 28 countries have the desire and capacity to build components for a weapons of mass destruction, specifically a nuclear weapon.

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17
Q

Domestic Terrorism

A

The FBI defines domestic terrorism as groups of individuals who are based and operate entirely in the United States and Puerto Rico without foreign direction and whose acts are directed at elements of the United States Government.

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18
Q

What are the four types of domestic terrorism?

A

Lone Wolf

Right Wing

Left Wing

Special Interest

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19
Q

What percent of lone wolf attacks in the world occurred in the US?

A

According to research, 42% of the identified lone wolf attacks in the world occurred in the United States.

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20
Q

Are lone wolf terrorists always mentally unstable?

A

Lone wolf terrorists can be psychologically unstable, but that is not always the case.

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21
Q

List an example of a Lone Wolf Terrorist and what attack they committed

A

An example of a LW terrorist is Eric Robert Rudolph who targeted abortionists and homosexuals before striking the 1996 Olympic Games. and against who.

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22
Q

Ted Kaczynski

A

Ted Kaczynski argued that his bombings were extreme, but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale operations

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23
Q

What was Ruby ridge?

A

Ruby Ridge was the site of a deadly confrontation and siege in Northern Idaho in April of 1992.

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24
Q

What were the ROEs in Ruby ridge?

A

During Ruby Ridge the new rules of engagement stated, if any adult male is observed with a weapon; the FBI would shoot

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25
Q

David Koresh

A

Dave Koresh would then become the leader of a religious cult called the Branch Davidians

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26
Q

Timothy McVeigh cited what as revenge for deaths at Waco?

A

The Oklahoma City Bombing

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27
Q

Who became a part of the milita movement within the US called the “Patriot Movement”?

A

Timothy McVeigh

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28
Q

How many agencies did the Murrah Federal Building house?

A

14

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29
Q

Why has membership in extreme left wing terror groups dropped?

A

Membership in extreme left wing terrorist groups has dropped because most groups were based on communist or Marists ideologies.

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30
Q

When and where did the Weather Underground place a bomb in the women’s bathroom?

A

May 1972 (Ho Chi Minhs B-Day) in Air Force Wing of Pentagon

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31
Q

What is special interest terrorism?

A

Special interest terrorism involved extreme groups who seek to revolve specific issues rather than affect more widespread political change.

32
Q

Who is classified as the top domestic terror threat in the United States by the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI ?

A

The Earth Liberation Front in March of 2001

33
Q

Who planned to bomb LAX on NYE? and When?

A

Ahmed Ressam an Algerian citizen living in Montreal 1999

34
Q

What were the results of the USS Cole Bombing?

A

The USS Cole attack caused the death of 17 American sailors while 39 sailors were injured

35
Q

Who is considered the mastermind of 9/11

A

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was Ramsey Yousef’s Uncle and is considered the Mastermind of 9/11

36
Q

When did KSM outlined the Sept. 11 plans to Osama Bin Laden while both were in Afghanistan

A

According to intelligence reports, around 1996, KSH outlined the Sept. 11 plans to Osama Bin Laden while both were in Afghanistan`

37
Q

When did OBL become intent on attacking the US?

A

OBL’s 1998 fatwa marked a turning point, as OBL became intent on attacking the United States

38
Q

Who was the potential hijacker who was denied entrance into the US? and Why was he denied?

A

Ramzi Bin al-Shibh visa was rejected by the United States government out of concerns he would overstay his visa and remain as an illegal immigrant based on his economic status

39
Q

Who took pilot training in South Florida?

A

The Hamburg cell members all took pilot training in South Florida

40
Q

What nationalities were the hijackers?

A

Saudi

41
Q

Who replaced Ramzi Bin al-Shibh?

A

Some intelligence experts believe Zacarias Moussaui was possibly replacing Ramzi bin al-Shibh who was denied a visa as the 20th hijacker

42
Q

What changes were included in the 9/11 commission?

A

Changes recommended within the 9/11 commission report included the creation of a National Intelligence Director over both CIA and FBI.

43
Q

Why did OBL move ti AFG?

A

OBL moved to Afghanistan to fight against the Soviet Union

44
Q

What year did OBL established his first training camp? Why?

A

In 1984 OBL established his first training camp OIT prepare mujahedeen fighters.

45
Q

What year did the soviets withdraw from AFG?

A

In 1989 the Soviet Union withdraws from Afghanistan in 1989

46
Q

How did OBL view the soviet withdrawal?

A

OBL views this event as a significant win for his mujahedeen/ jihadist group.

47
Q

What year did OBL create al-qaeda?

A

1988 – OBL creates al qaeda or the base.

48
Q

What cleric did OBL work closely with?

A

OBL worked closely with a Palestinian cleric named Abdullah Yusuf Azzam who was nicknamed the “Godfather of Jihad”

49
Q

What did the Saudis do in 1989 that angered OBL?

A

1989 – US asked Saudis for permission to establish military bases in country and is granted .. Angers OBL

50
Q

What did OBL do in 1991?

A

1991 – OBL moves to Sudan and using wealth begins to establish training camps

51
Q

What significant event occurred in Egypt in 1995?

A

1995 the Egyptian Islamic Jihad which links to AQC attempted to assassinate the then Egyptian President Hosni Mubrak but attempt failed

52
Q

What did OBL do in 1996?

A

1996 – OBL helps mastermind the Kohar Towers attacks in Saudi Arabia

53
Q

What year did a CIA positively identify OBL? Did they do anything?

A

1999 – CIA intel. Identifies OBL falcon hunting with a UAE prince in AFG. But govt. did not respond

54
Q

How many steps are in the radicalization?

A

Experts believe in a four step process of radicalization

55
Q

What are the four steps in the process of radicalization?

A

Pre radicalization – starting point
Self-identification – internal and external influences
Indoctrination – wholly accepting of Salafist teachings
Jihadization – accept duty to participate in Jihad

56
Q

Who was an American radical cleric that was influential in global jihad movement?

A

Anwar Al-Awlaki

57
Q

Who was convicted of aiding terrorists and plotting a dirty bomb?

A

Jose Padilla is a US citizen from Brooklyn New York who was convinced in federal court of aiding terrorists and plotting a dirty bomb

58
Q

How many people did the Fort Hood Shooter kill?

A

The fort hood gunmen later identified as Nidal Malik Hassan killed 13 people and injured over 30 people.

59
Q

Who was the fort hood gunman?

A

The fort hood gunmen later identified as Nidal Malik Hassan killed 13 people and injured over 30 people.

60
Q

Who was the would-be bomber in the failed northwest airlines flight 253?

A

The convicted bomber in the Christmas Day bombing attempt was 23 year-old Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a Nigerian who had concealed plastic explosives in his underwear but failed to detonate them properly.

61
Q

Who was the Times Square Bomber?

A

Faisal Shahzad the Times Square bomber

62
Q

Who was the Times Square Bomber inspired by?

A

Faisal Shahzad the Times Square bomber told interrogators that he was inspired by the radical cleric, Anwar Al-Awlaki to take up the cause of Al-Qaeda

63
Q

How does the internet impact terrorism?

A

The internet allows for an unlimited amount of contact and attempts for the radicalization

64
Q

How many ambassadors have died in the line of duty?

A

In all only7 US ambassadors have died in the line of duty.

65
Q

Who was responsible for the 2013 Boston Bombing?

A

Chechen brothers Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev were responsible for the 2013 Boston Bombing

66
Q

Who were the San Bernardino attackers inspired by?

A

According to the FBI the San Bernardino terrorists were inspired by ISIL

67
Q

Who was the Orlando shooter and who did he target?

A

Omar Mateen killed 49 people and wounded 53 others at a gay nightclub (Pulse) in Orlando, FL

68
Q

9/11 was triggered by…

A

9/11 was triggered by a series of historical events and attacks

69
Q

9/11 was a…

A

9/11 was a process of events through the decades

70
Q

Who claimed responsibility for the Beruit Barracks bombing?

A

Organization called Islamic Jihad, later renamed Hezbollah claimed responsibility for the Beruit Barracks Bombing

71
Q

The Beruit Barracks Bombing was the single greatist loss for?

A

USMC

72
Q

Who was the first victim of AQC?

A

Terrorist experts consider rabbi Meir Kahane one of the first if not the first victim of AQC

73
Q

Who was the mastermind of the 1993 WTC bombing?

A

Mastermind of bombing was Ramzi Yousef

74
Q

What was the original plan for the `1993 WTC bombing?

A

The original plan for the 1993 WTC was to attack the UN headquarters building earlier in the morning.

75
Q

Black Hawk Down involved US forces against who?

A

Involved US forces against Somali militants

76
Q

Where did the Dual African Embassy Bombings occur?

A

Dual African Embassy bombings was a coordinated attack on US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania

77
Q

What was the start of AQC war with the US?

A

Dual bombings of US embassies

Terrorism / Counterterrorism (2 decks)

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