Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NS 3150 > Adipokines > Flashcards

Adipokines Flashcards

1
Q

Adipokines

A
  • A hormone/enzyme secreted from adipocytes/adipose tissue
  • It does need to be exclusive to adipose tissue
  • A signal that regulated local adipose tissue biology and systemic biology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adipokines Function:

A
  • Autocrine
  • Paracrine
  • Endocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Adipokines regulate:

A
  • Appetite
  • Reproduction
  • Lipid metabloims
  • Insulin Secretion and sensitivity (adipose and muscle tissues only do this )
  • Glucose metabolism
  • Angiogensis
  • Inflammation
  • Blood pressure
  • Adipogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 types of Adipokines:

A
  • Leptin
  • Adiponectin
  • Fgf21
  • Resistin
  • DPP4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autocrine Signaling:

A

Cell produces factors that are secreted and target cites on the same cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Paracrine Signaling:

A

Has a secretary cell thats secretes molecules that will target an adjacent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endocrine Signaling:

A

A product that is produced from a cell that travels through the blood stream to find a distant target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does adipokine become dysregulated:

A
  • Adipose function determines the adipokine secretion profile
  • Changes in adipokine gene expression is related to adipocyte size
  • Larger adipocytes will have disrupted adipokine secretion rates
  • Hypoxia and inflammation influence adipokine secretion
  • Type of WAT expansion: Visceral fat tends to secret metabolic disrupting adipokines and reduce adipokines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of adipokine will affect:

A
  • Glucose and fat metabolism
  • Inflammatory
  • Promote cancer
  • Promote cardiovascular disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Leptin

A
  • Almost exclusively by adipose tissue
  • Tell your brain that energy levels are normal or not
  • Increases (anorexigenic (loss of appetite)
  • Decreases Orexigenic (increase of appetite)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanism of Leptin:

A
    1. Leptin is secreted into the blood from adipose tissue
    1. Activates leptin receptors in the hypothalamus
    1. Signals transduction and Kinase activation (JAK SAT)
    1. The kinases regulate transcription factors that will regulate gene transcription
    1. Turn off genes that promote appetite and turn on neurons that suppress appetite.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leptin therapy:

A
  • Had no effect on obese people unlike the mice
  • Leptin increases with fat mass but the brain cannot sense leptin
  • They have leptin resistance (overproducing leptin), increased hunger and is not extinguished so you keep eating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Leptin Resistance:

A
  • Elevated leptin in the blood
  • Receptors are not activated
  • Cannot turn off appetite-promoting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lipodystrophy

A
  • Partial or complete loss of adipose tissue due to genetic disruption in lipid storage genes
  • Congenital- set from birth
  • Acquired- occurs during some point in life
  • Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: Genetic disorder= loss of fat from limbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lipodystrophy Therapy:

A
  • experiments on nonobese people
  • Rational: partial loss of adipose tissue has low levels of leptin
  • Administered recombinant leptin to restore metabolic performance
  • This worked, improved glucose, and fat metabolism, and reduced ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver
  • Not for obese patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adiponectin

A
  • Healthy adipokine
  • Hormone exclusively produced by adipocytes
    -Secreted into blood and can be found as monomers or oligomers (clusters of adiponectin proteins)
  • High concentrations found in the serum
  • This serum level decreases when fat mass increases. - This is the reason it’s considered to be a “healthy”
    -The more insulins resistant you are the less adiponectin you have
  • Protects from Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
17
Q

Adiponectin Mechanism:

A
  • Activates the Adiponectin
  • Receptor on target cells
  • Insulin Sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, helps with glucose uptake
  • Enhances insulin gene expression in the pancreas and stimulates insulin secretion
  • Increase energy expenditure
18
Q

FGF21: Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

A
  • Synthesized in several tissues but changes in adipose tissue secretion of FG21.
  • Linked to metabolic dysfunction (decreases)
  • Binds to FGF21 receptors on target tissues: liver white, fat, and brown fat
  • Promotes adaptive thermogenesis to reduce blood glucose levels
19
Q

FGF21 Gene therapy:

A
  • Places in obese mice specifically the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle
  • They increased the level in the mice
  • This caused a decrease in body weight, inflammation, and hepatic ketosis but an increase in healthspan and insulin sensitivity
20
Q

DDP4

A
  • Circulating enzyme that deactivates a variety of bioactive peptides such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)
  • It inhibits GLP-1, which causes an increase in glucose in the system. You don’t want GLP-1 on all the time
  • GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon (a hormone that helps increase glucose level) secretion
  • This is overproduced and secreted in obese people, specifically people with more visceral fat. This leads to increased lipolysis and blood glucose levels.
  • There are clinical push for inhibitors of DPP4

NS 3150 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions