ADHD/Fear & Anxiety, Depression

Question 0

True/False: subtypes of ADHD have been maintained in DSM 5

Answer 0

False- now look at presentation at time of manifestation, but not as rigid

Question 1

True/False: ADHD is one of the most common conditions in children

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What category does ADHD fall under?

Answer 2

Neuro developmental

Question 3

What is the new age of onset for ADHD according to the DSM 5?

Answer 3

12 (used to be 7)

Question 4

What are the 5 DSM criteria for ADHD?

Answer 4

• persistent pattern of inattention/hyperactivity that interferes with functioning (9 symptoms from inattention and/or 6 symptoms from hyperactivity)
• onset before 12
• issues persist in 2+ contexts
• evidence of interference
• no other explanation for behaviour

Question 5

What assessments are used for ADHD?

Answer 5

-start with omnibus (look for deviation from norms)
-BASC, CBCL (subscales)
-ADHD Rating Scale IV
Conners 3 (includes many items matching DSM)

Question 6

What treatments are available for ADHD?

Answer 6

• medication
• psychotherapy, behavioural therapy, CBT
• parent skills training
• environmental modification

Question 7

When does fear and anxiety become an issue?

Answer 7

When it is out of developmental range or interferes with day to day life.

Question 8

What is fear?

Answer 8

• reactions to perceived threats
• escape or avoidance of a stimulus
• physiological changes in response to a stimulus
• subjective- different for each individual

Question 9

What is anxiety?

Answer 9

• broad collection of distressing subjective, motoric, and somatic responses
• anticipation of future threats- not necessarily real, but perceived to be

Question 10

What is considered normal fear/anxiety from babies to teens?

Answer 10

• babies: stranger anxiety
• toddlers: separation anxiety
• preschool: anxiety about fantasy fears (ex monsters)
• middle childhood: fear starts to reflect reality (ex natural disasters)
• teens: social fears

Question 11

Approximately how many average fears does the typical 7-14 year old report?

Answer 11

14

Question 12

What is the Etiology of anxiety disorders?

Answer 12

• genetics
• temperament
• psychosocial influences (parenting style, attachment)

Question 13

How are anxiety disorders classified in the DSM 5?

Answer 13

Anxiety disorders (separation anxiety disorder, phobias, panic disorder, selective mutism), OCDs, Trauma/Stress Related Disorders

Question 14

What is the 5 step model for assessment?

Answer 14

1 screening
2 classification
3 comorbidities
4 alternative causes
5 past treatments

Question 15

How are anxiety disorders treated? Give an example.

Answer 15

-relaxation, desensitization
-mindfulness
-CBT
-medication
Ex: Cool Kids, Chilled (CBT group program including psychoeducation, cog restructuring, exposure, coping strategies, social skills, etc)

Question 16

True/False: rates of Major Depressive Disorder in children are reducing, and new cases are occurring later in life.

Answer 16

False- rates are on the rise, onset is getting earlier.

Question 17

What makes depressive symptoms hard to measure?

Answer 17

Symptoms are in response to the environment or internal stimulu- difficult to observe.

Question 18

How is childhood depression assessed?

Answer 18

• self report questionnaires, parent and teacher ratings
• symptoms: single item scales (ex Childrens Depression Inventory, Becks Depression Inventory)
• diagnosis: deductive reasoning, wide range of issues considered (ex Conners Parent Rating Scale, CBCL, MMPI)
• structured and semi structured interviews (K-SADS)