ADHD/Autism cognitive developmental issues Flashcards
What is executive functioning?
high-level cognitive processes that enable us to plan, make decisions, solve problems, and regulate our behavior
What is executive functioning used for?
important for goal-directed activities and adapting to new situations
What is perceptual motor function?
This component involves the ability to receive, interpret, and respond to sensory information through coordinated motor actions
What is perceptual motor function used for?
essential for tasks that require hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness.
What is learning and memory?
processes involve acquiring new information, storing it, and retrieving it when needed
What is learning and memory used for?
fundamental for adapting to new experiences and retaining knowledge over time.
What is social cognition?
ability to understand and interpret social interactions, including recognizing emotions, intentions, and perspectives of others
What is social cognition used for?
key to building and maintaining relationships
What is complex attention?
the capacity to maintain focus on a task, process information quickly, and manage multiple activities simultaneously
what are the 6 domains of cognition?
Perceptual motor function
Language
Learning and memory
Social cognition
Complex attention
Executive function
What are the reasons that children/adolesents aren’t getting help with mental illness/effects?
- lack of resources
- Stigma
- lack of awareness
- lack of early detection & intervention
What are some risk factors that contribute to the development of mental health problems in children?
Biological factors
Unhealthy child development
Abusive parents
Substance abusing parents
Family trauma
negative peer relationships
cultural factors
Adverse childhood experiences
Learning disabilities/academic failure
Illness & disability
CFS
Children whose parents have mental illness
children with multiple risk factors
Social determinants of health
What does intellectual disability (intellectual development disorder) mean?
significant limitations:
- intellectual functioning
- adaptive behavior
begins during the developmental period
impacts an individual’s:
- conceptual,
- social,
- practical domains
How can Nurses support individuals with intellectual disability?
Simplifying instructions,
using visual aids
ensuring the patient understands their care plan
What is adaptive functioning?
how well a person meets the standards of personal independence and social responsibility expected for their age and cultural group.
-skills needed for daily living:
- communication
- social participation
- independent living
How can nurses support individuals with deficits in adaptive functioning?
Nurses play a key role in assessing and supporting adaptive functioning
-facilitating social interactions, -promoting independence in daily activities
-providing resources for social skills training
Nurses may also need to coordinate with other healthcare professionals and caregivers to create a comprehensive care plan.
What are three examples of neurodevelopmental disorders?
- Intellectual disability
- ASD
- ADHD
What are the components of the Autism spectrum?
Motor skills
Language
Sensory skills
Perception
Executive functioning
What is the DSM-5 criteria A for autism?
- Persistent deficit in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history
- less back and forth conversation
- not initiating or responding to social interactions
- communication issues in speech, eye contact, language use
- not interested in peers, difficulty developing and maintaining relationships
how is severity determined for criteria A , DSM-5 autism?
Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted repetitive patterns of behaviour
What is the DSM-5 criteria B for autism?
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history:
- repetitive behaviour, speech repetition sounds
- Idiosyncratic language- like water heater for kettle
- needs schedule- change/transitions are hard
- preoccupation with one topic/thing
- hyper/hyporeactivity to sensory input
What is the DSM-5 criteria C for autism?
Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (typically recognized 12-24 months of age)
What is the DSM-5 criteria D for autism?
The symptoms of ASD must cause clinically significant impairment in:
social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning. This impairment can impact:
- daily life,
- relationships,
- education,
- employment
What is the DMS -5 criteria E for autism?
The symptoms of ASD should not be attributable to intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay. Although these conditions may co-occur with ASD, the social communication deficits of ASD typically exceed what is expected based on developmental level alone
