ADHD, ASD, ID Flashcards
what are the 3 main symptoms ADHD is made up of
inattention
impulsivity
hyperactivity
when are most cases of ADHD diagnosed
aged 3-7
greater prevalence in boys than girls
outline some symptoms of ADHD that come under inattention
doesn't follow instructions easily distracted difficulty organising tasks forgets daily activities loses items doesn't listen when spoken to directly
outline some symptoms of ADHD that come under impulsivity and hyperactivity
unable to play quietly talks excessively answers too quickly doesn't like to wait their turn runs and climbs at inappropriate times
how many clinical features of ADHD must be present for a diagnosis
children 16 and under - 6 present
over 17 - 5 features
how is a diagnosis of ADHD made
made via history, observations at home and school - must be present in several domains
outline the non-pharmacological management of ADHD
parent training
social skills training
sleep and diet changes such as prescribing melatonin
when is pharmacological management of ADHD considered
when non-pharmacolgical management is unable to control symptoms
what is the first line drug prescribed in ADHD and how does it work
methylphenidate - CNS stimulant that improves dopamine signalling in networks associated with executive functioning
what are the side effects of methylphenidate
headache
poor appetite
insomnia
what is the second line drug prescribed in ADHD and how does it work
atomexatine - inhibits noradrenaline reuptake
what are the side effects of atomexatine
nausea
dry mouth
weight loss
what two features characterises autism spectrum disorder
impairment in social interaction and communication
repetitive stereotyped behaviours, interests and activities
what 5 conditions come under the umbrella term of ASD
aspergers syndrome retts syndrome childhood autism pervasive developmental disorder pervasive developmental disorder NOS
what are some co-morbidities of ASD
learning difficulties eating disorders OCD depression and anxiety ADHD Gils de la Tourette
what is the triad of symptoms seen in ASD
impaired social interaction
impaired communication
restricted interests
what clinical features come under impaired social interaction in ASD
unawareness of feelings of others
impaired imitation
repetitive play that is solitary
bad at making friends
what clinical features come under impaired communication and imagination in ASD
few facial expressions in infancy
no smiling when approaching people
no interest in stories and pretend play
difficulty initiating and maintaining conversation
what clinical features come under restricted interest and activities in ASD
stereotyped movements such as hand flicking
preoccupation with objects
distress over trivial things
narrow fixations such as lining up objects
how is a diagnosis of ASD made
made after symptoms have been present for 6 months
combination of screening questions and semi-structured interviews
outline the management of ASD
self and family psychoeducation
speech and language therapy and social skills training
school interventions
no medications treat core symptoms but risperidone for aggression or SSRIs for anxiety and depression
what is an intellectual disability
below average intellectual functioning which began in developmental period
what is the IQ of mild ID
50-69
what is the IQ of moderate ID
35-49
what is the IQ of severe ID
20-34
what is the IQ of profound ID
<20
what are some of the genetic causes of ID
Down's syndrome sex chromosome abnormalities Patau's syndrome Edward's syndrome Cri du chat 5p Prader-Willi
other than genetic factors, what are the other pre-natal causes of ID
rubella or CMV infection
alcohol misuse
exposure to medications and drugs
what are the perinatal causes of ID
neonatal sepsis, pnneumonia, birth injury or complications
what are some of the post-natal causes of ID
CNS infection
cerebral palsy
epilepsy
atrial septal defect
