ADHD-ADD

Question 1

debilitative and chronic condition that a ects the child’s ability to control attention and behavior in an optimal and adaptive manner

Answer 1

ADHD

Question 2

DSM-5, it suggests 2 components to the disorder:

Answer 2

1) Inattention and 2) Hyperactivity or Impulsivity

Question 3

____ of inattention for children up to age 16 years

Answer 3

Six or More symptoms

Question 4

for adolescents age 17 years and older and adults;

Answer 4

Five or more symptoms

Question 5

Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities

Answer 5

Inattention

Question 6

Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities

Answer 6

Inattention

Question 7

Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly

Answer 7

Inattention

Question 8

Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace

Answer 8

Inattention

Question 9

Often has trouble organizing tasks and activities

Answer 9

Inattention

Question 10

Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental e ort over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework)

Answer 10

Inattention

Question 11

often easily distracted

Answer 11

Inattention

Question 12

Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or
squirms in seat

Answer 12

Hyperactivity

Question 13

Often leaves seat in situations when
remaining seated is expected

Answer 13

Hyperactivity

Question 14

Often talks excessively

Answer 14

Hyperactivity

Question 15

Often blurts out an answer before a
question has been completed

Answer 15

Hyperactivity

Question 16

Often has trouble waiting their turn

Answer 16

hyperactivity

Question 17

What are the Additional Requirements for Diagnosis

Answer 17

● Symptoms present prior to age 12 years
● Symptoms not better accounted for by a
di erent psychiatric disorder and do not occur exclusively during a psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia)
● Symptoms not exclusively a manifestation of oppositional behavior

Question 18

Combined presentation is

Answer 18

if enough symptoms of both criteria inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were present for the past 6 months

Question 19

Predominantly inattentive presentation is

Answer 19

if enough symptoms of inattention, but not hyperactivity-impulsivity, were present for the past six months

Question 20

predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation

Answer 20

Enough symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not inattention, were present for the past six months.

Question 21

ADHD causes

Answer 21

emotional self-regulation problems, executive impairment and space and motor disorganization and may cause language problems in 30-40% of the cases.

Question 22

symptoms and cognitive-behavioral changes of ADHD are the results of abnormalities in:

Answer 22

○ Several neuronal connections (particularly in the prefrontal cortex)
○ Deficits in neurotransmitters (like dopamine or anti-dopamine)
○ Maturational delays (can gradually occur during the first years of life which a ects structural development of the brain)

Question 23

ADHD can lead to 3 neurological deficits:

Answer 23

1. Executive function
2. Operational/working memory
3. Self regulation

Question 24

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairing levels of:

Answer 24

1. Inattention
2. Disorganization
3. hyperactivity-impulsivity

Question 25

hallmark signs and symptoms of ADHD are

Answer 25

inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 26

Wandering o tasks, lacking persistence, having di culty sustaining focus, and being disorganized and is not due to defiance or lack of comprehension

Answer 26

Inattention

Question 27

Excessive motor activity when it is not appropriate, or excessive fidgeting, tapping or talkativeness
ADULTS: extreme restlessness or wearing others out with their activity

Answer 27

Hyperactivity

Question 28

Hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought and that have high potential for harm to the individual, or desire for immediate rewards or inability delay gratification

Answer 28

Impulsivity

Question 29

An individual will be diagnosed with ADHD if the signs and symptoms were:

Answer 29

● Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
● Present prior to age 12
● Present in 2 or more settings
● Symptoms interfere or reduce the quality of social, academic, or occupational functioning
● Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder

Question 30

Causes of ADHD

Answer 30

● Genetics
● Environmental Factors
● Brain Injuries
● Nutrition
● Social Environment

Question 31

Pathophysiology of ADHD

Answer 31

● Neural TransmissionDeficits
● Frontal and Prefrontal Involvement
● Parietal and Cerebellar Changes
● Deformation in Basal Ganglia Nuclei

Question 32

Neuro-transmitters are

Answer 32

can either be inhibitory or excitatory.

Question 33

ADHD is associated with reduced volume of

Answer 33

two inhibitory neurotransmitters. The norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 34

The frontal cortex is responsible for high level functioning like maintaining attention, organization, and executive function. A deficiency in norepinephrine with this brain region will cause

Answer 34

inattention, problems with organization and or impaired executive functions

Question 35

The Limbic system is responsible for regulating our emotions. A deficiency in this region will cause

Answer 35

restlessness, inattention, or emotional volatility

Question 36

In the basal ganglia, these are the neural circuits that regulate communication within the brain. Deficiencies with basal ganglia will cause

Answer 36

information to short circuits resulting in inattention or impulsivity.

Question 37

The reticular activating system is the major relay system among the many pathways that enter and leave the brain. A deficiency in the RAS will cause

Answer 37

inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity

Question 38

Components of the Attention Control System

Answer 38

Mental Energy Control System
Processing Control System
Production Control System

Question 39

Regulates and distributes the energy supply needed for the brain to take in and interpret information and regulate behavior

Answer 39

MECS

Question 40

Four Mental Energy Controls

Answer 40

1) Alertness
2) Mental e ort
3) Consistency
4) Sleep and arousal

Question 41

A state of mind in which an individual can e ectively listen to and watch information being presented.

Answer 41

Alertness

Question 42

Students who experience di culty with XXX can appear to be daydreaming.

Answer 42

Alertness

Question 43

Students who have di culty with XXX can benefit from having tasks broken down into smaller and more manageable parts.

Answer 43

Mental effort

Question 44

Ensures a reliable and predictable flow of mental energy

Answer 44

Consistency

Question 45

T or F:Students who have trouble with performance consistency don’t have problems all of the time. Sometimes they can concentrate and perform well while other times they cannot.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

● A ffects an individual’s ability to sleep well enough at night to be su ciently alert during the day

Answer 46

Sleep and Arousal

Question 47

Helps individuals in various activities and situations to select and interpret incoming information.

Answer 47

Processing Control System

Question 48

five processing controls:

Answer 48

1) Saliency determination
2) Depth and Detail Processing
3) Cognitive Activation
4) Focal Maintenance
5) Satisfaction Control

Question 49

Governs the output of functioning across many performance areas, including academic functioning and performance as well as many facets or behavioral and social functioning

Answer 49

Production Control System

Question 50

Five production controls:

Answer 50

previewing, facilitation and inhibition, tempo/pacing, self-monitoring, and reinforcement