ADHD Flashcards
1
Q
What is ADHD defined as?
A
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning of development. It’s classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder.
2
Q
Briefly list the diagnostic criteria for ADHD
A
6 or more symptoms of…
- inattention
- hyperactivity/impulsivity
3
Q
What are the three presentation types of ADHD?
A
- combined inattention and hyperactive/impulsive
- predominantly inattentive
- predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
4
Q
What neurobiological and environmental factors have been found associated with ADHD?
A
- Genetic factors have been found to be implicated in ADHD, but the mechanism of action isn’t completely understood. Twin, family and adoption studies have supported a strong genetic contribution to this disorder, with heritability ranging from 60-90%.
- pre, peri and post natal environmental factors also play a role. These factors are associated with maternal lifestyle such as smoking and drinking.
5
Q
What conditions are found to be comorbid with ADHD?
A
- oppositional defiant disorder
- mood disorders such as bipolar, depression and anxiety
6
Q
List ADHD related impairments
A
- poor time management
- procrastination and distractability
- social competence
7
Q
What are some long term outcomes associated with ADHD?
A
- higher risks for antisocial disorders, depression and anxiety disorders
- 32% drop out of school
- more likely to be unemployed
8
Q
List and briefly explain assessment approaches for ADHD
A
- continuous performance test; measures a persons sustained or selective attention
- behavioural rating scales; child behaviour checklist
- interview
- behavioural observations
9
Q
What are the main treatment types for ADHD?
A
- stimulant and non-stimulant medications such as concerta or Ritalin
- diet; protein rich foods
- exercise; helps release dopamine as people with ADHD usually have less
- behavioural therapy
