ADHD

Question 1

when was it first described

Answer 1

1902

Question 2

description

Answer 2

• difficulty paying attention
• excessively active
• impulsive
• social clumsiness

Question 3

Comorbidity

Answer 3

• 70% have ODD

- 50% have a mood disorder

Question 4

3 Areas of Attention

Answer 4

1. Selective Attention: filtering stimuli to focus on important ones NOT AN ISSUE IN ADHD
2. Attentional Orienting in Space: turning to sound etc NOT AN ISSUE IN ADHD
3. Arousal and Vigilance: remaining prepared to attend IMPAIRED IN ADHD

Question 5

2 areas of Executive Functioning affected

Answer 5

1. Response Inhibition
2. Working Memory
   - verbal working memory and visuo- spatial memory

Question 6

% of children who have abnormal EEG readings

Answer 6

20% of abnormal EEG readings

Question 7

Asymmetry

Answer 7

reduced right>left asymmetry in prefrontal cortices, less right side activity

Question 8

ADHD is associated with _______ wave activity

Answer 8

slow

Question 9

Four brain regions associated with ADHD

Answer 9

1. Prefrontal Cortex
2. Corpus Callosum
3. Basal Ganglia
4. Cerebellum

Question 10

3 neurotransmitters

Answer 10

1. dopamine
2. norepinephrine
3. serotonin

Question 11

3 major traits and their relationship to ADHD

Answer 11

1. Extraversion: thought to be mediated by dopaminergic circuitry
2. Neuroticism: thought to be related to limbic reactivity to stress
3. Conscientiousness: related to the concept of cognitive control or executive functioning

Question 12

Environmental Causes of ADHD

Answer 12

• Low birth weight
• prenatal alcohol exposure
• natal or perinatal hypoxia
• maternal diabetes
• exposure to toxic substances
• Family SES

Question 13

Pharmacological Treatments

Answer 13

stimulants

-tricyclic antidepressants

Question 14

Psychotherapy

Answer 14

behaviour modification

CBT