ADHD

Question 1

ADHD diagnosis

Answer 1

6 or more symptoms in either or both symptom categories (5 or more if > 17 years old) OR

several symptoms present before age 12

Question 2

ADHD comorbidities

Answer 2

less likely to graduate college, MDD, enuresis, ODD, conduct d/o, anxiety, learning disability, trouble in school

Question 3

development of ODD

Answer 3

ADHD is annoying to others –> frequent negative messages –> development of negative sense of self –> anger and devaluation –> ODD and depression

Question 4

Possible reasons for comorbidities

Answer 4

underlying genetic vulnerability
developmental changes
psychological effects of having ADHD
Living with others who are irritated by ADHD
Self-treating the problem

Question 5

What percent of ADHD patients improve with treatment?

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

Most effective and well-tolerated treatment

Answer 6

stimulants: amphetamines and methylphenidates

Question 7

short-acting amphetamine

Answer 7

Adderall (4-6h)

Question 8

long-acting amphetamines

Answer 8

Adderall XR (8-12h) and Vyvanse (10-12h)

Question 9

short acting methylphenidates

Answer 9

Ritalin (3-4h)

Question 10

long-acting methylphenidates

Answer 10

Ritalin LA (8-10h) and Concerta (10-12h)

Question 11

Other drug treatments for ADHD

Answer 11

Atomoxetine (Strattera), Bupropion (Wellbutrin), alpha agonists (guanfacine, clonidine) for hyperactivity, TCADs (rarely used)

Question 12

What are some ineffective strategies for ADHD management?

Answer 12

trying harder, diet changes, stop and think programs, behavioral programs, rewards and punishments

Question 13

ADHD prognosis

Answer 13

65% have ADHD into adulthood. Hyperactivity decreases with time (late adolescence)