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Psych-ADHD > ADHD > Flashcards

ADHD Flashcards

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1
Q

3 domains of ADHD

A

Inattentivity Hyperactivity Impulsivity

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2
Q

ADHD prevalence

A
  • 6-10%
  • 3:1 or 9:1 male: female
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3
Q

Inattention Sx

A

fails at

  • details
  • sustaining attention
  • doesn’t listen
  • difficult organizing tasks
  • avoid tasks requiring sustained effort
  • loses things
  • easily distracted
  • forgetful
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4
Q

Hyperactivity Sx

A
  • always on the go
  • talks too much
  • difficult waiting in lines
  • fidgety
  • leaves seat
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5
Q

What are some diagnostic criteria?

A
  • Sx present before 12 years
  • Significant impairment present in 2 or more settings
  • Not due to underlying disorder
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6
Q

Subtypes:

A
  • Combined type- most common
  • inattentive- diagnosed later
  • hyperactivity/impulsivity- more commonly diagnosed in young children
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7
Q

Associated problems

A
  • ignored by peers, rejection
  • difficulty with execution rather than understanding rules
  • no relationship b/w family problems and ADHD
  • self-esteem
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8
Q

Self-esteem of ADHD kids

A
  • inflated- positive illusory bias
  • low- associated with comorbid depression
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9
Q

In most cases, ADHD is present

A

THE ENTIRE LIFE

some might learn to compensate better as adults

hyperactivity declines with age, inattentiveness remains the same

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10
Q

Comorbidity of ADHD with

  1. conduct disorder
  2. depression
A
  1. increased risk of substance abuse and chronic criminality
  2. increased risk of suicide
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11
Q

Etiology of ADHD

  1. environmental or genetic
  2. brain synapse differences
  3. gene differenes
  4. structural differences
A
  1. .8-.85 heritability
  2. dysfunction in prefrontal lobe (inhibition, executive function)
  3. dopamine genes implicated-
    • dopamine transporter DAT1
    • 7 repeats of DRD4 dopamine receptor gene
  4. prefrontal cortex, corpus collosum, caudate nucleus
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12
Q

Abnormalities in

A

frontostriatal circuitry: prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum

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13
Q

Dopamine and epinephrine related hwo?

A

dopamine made from epinephrine

(except not really, DOPA==> dopamine==> epi==> norepi)

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14
Q

4 areas of “executive functions”

A
  1. cognitive- working memory, planning
  2. language- fluency, communication
  3. motor- response inhibition, coordination
  4. emotional- self-regulation of emotion
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15
Q

executive function defecits

A
  • not always found in ADHD
  • can overlap with ADHD
  • also found in different disorders
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16
Q

Behavioral disinhibition

A
  • basis of executive functioning deficits in ADHD
  • ie: performance problem not knowledge
17
Q
  1. Risks for ADHD increase with….
  2. leading to….
A
  • genetics; prenatal tobacco/alcohol exposure
  • basal ganglia and frontal lob abnormalities, dopamine
18
Q

Assessment of ADHD

A
  • Connor scale (completed by teacher/parent)
  • IQ test (screen for dev issues)
  • behavioral observations at home/school
  • no medical screen can detect ADHD
19
Q

ADHD treatment

A
  • medication
  • behavioral intervention (parent training, classroom management, summer treatment programs)
20
Q

Medications for ADHD

A
  1. methyphenidate (ritalin, concerta, metadate)
  2. dextroamphetamine (adderall, vyvance= prodrug)
21
Q

benefits of vyvance?

A

prodrug= decreased chance of OD/ getting high

22
Q

MOA for meds

A
  • block reuptake of NE and dopamine, facilitate release
  • enhance NE and dopamine in PFC and basal ganglia
23
Q

Strattera

A

atomoxetine- non stimulant that works for some kids…can take 4-6 weeks for it to work. Small effect size.

24
Q

ADHD med limitations

A
  • does not normalize behavior (always will be a bit weird)
  • side effects (insomnia, decreased appetitie, tick development)
  • educate parent (so they don’t blame it all on ADHD)
    *
25
Q

Overall results of studies

(regardng behavioral treatment/drugs)

A
  • treatment is better than no treatment
  • med + behavior treatment > behavioral treatment alone
  • behavioral treatment + med not better than meds alone (with regards to ADHD sx)
  • behavioral treatment + med DOES help with comorbid sx
  • combined treatment may reduce med dose
26
Q

Combined drug/behav treatment

A
  • made parents/teachers feel better
  • improved functional outcomes (relationships, functioning)
  • normalized kid
27
Q

What happens to combined ADHD kids when they enter teens/adult

A
  • still have “significant impairment”!
  • life-long/long term treatment needed
28
Q

environmental factors can

A
  • NOT CAUSE ADHD
  • might contribute to expression/make it worse

Psych-ADHD (1 decks)

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