Addresses & Hardware

Question 1

Host

Answer 1

A computer, typically one on a network. A host can also be referred to as a machine or a system.

Question 2

Router

Answer 2

A network device that controls and filters data between networks, either wired or wireless. It is a specific type of “gateway”, a device that acts as a gate between two networks.

Question 3

Web Server

Answer 3

A computer that delivers files and web pages across a network to requesting clients.

Question 4

Port

Answer 4

A way for a computer to identify specific programs and manage their activity. In an IP address, the port appears after a colon at the very end of the address such as :21, :80, and :443

Question 5

Main Port Numbers

Answer 5

20/21 - FTP
25 - SMTP
80 - HTTP
443 - HTTPS

Question 6

Domain Name

Answer 6

Typically, the last two elements of a URL. With domain names, organizations can build URLs. google.com is a good example of this with drive.google.com, docs.google.com, and sheets.google.com all having the same domain name.

Question 7

IP address

Answer 7

An identifying number for hosts and servers on the internet. It uses the Internet Protocol (IP) and is of the form nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn (IPv4) or hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh (IPv6)

Question 8

DNS (Domain Name System)

Answer 8

A service that converts domain names to IP addresses and the reverse.

Question 9

MAC (Media Access Control) address

Answer 9

A unique numeric code that is assigned to networking hardware components (typically a network interface card or NIC) that is built into computers and mobile devices. The code is assigned by the manufacturer, includes their unique identification number, and never changes.

Question 10

Hexadecimal

Answer 10

(hex) a base-16 number system. The extra digits are represented by the letters a through f, so all digits in hex are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f.

Question 11

OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)

Answer 11

The first half of the MAC address, designating the manufacturer of the network device. Each manufacturer has their own, individual OUI for each device they produce.

Question 12

NIC (Network Interface Card)

Answer 12

A physical component on a computer or device that provides connectivity to a network.

Question 13

IEEE (Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)

Answer 13

Best known for developing standards in the computer and electronics industries.

Question 14

Broadcast

Answer 14

A way for a computer to communicate with all hosts on a network using one message. It’s similar to someone standing in a crowded room and shouting out their friend’s name to begin a conversation (Broadcast MAC address is ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)

Question 15

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Answer 15

Used to establish and maintain connections over a computer network

Question 16

TCP handshake

Answer 16

A three-way communication method using SYN (synchronize), SYN-ACK (synchronize=acknowledge), and ACK (acknowledge) to establish a connection between hosts

Question 17

TLS (Transport Layer Security)

Answer 17

Security protocol that uses encryption at a lower level of abstraction, encrypting data at the packet-level