Additives Flashcards
Food additive means what?
any substance the intended use of
which results or may reasonably be expected to result, or
indirectly, in its becoming a component or otherwise
affecting the characteristics of any food
What are processing aids?
They are additives that are used in
the processing of food to achieve a specified
technological purpose and which may or may not
result in the presence of residues or derivatives in
the final product.
What else are considered as food additives?
Processing aids and flavoring substances
What is a food additive according to Codex?
Any substance not normally consumed as a food by itself
and not normally used as a typical ingredient of the food,
whether or not it has nutritive value, the intentional
addition of which to food for a technological (including
organoleptic) purpose.
In the European Union (EU),
all food additives are
identified by what?
An E number
Recite E number range and classification
What are direct additives?
Those that are added to a food for a specific
purpose in that food.
What are indirect food additives?
Those that become part of the food in trace
amounts due to its packaging, storage or other
handling.
Starting what year did the USFDA determined that all food
components were labeled as generally regarded as safe
(GRAS)?
1961
What does GRAS mean?
Generally regarded as safe
Substances Added
to Food Inventory was formerly known as what?
“Everything
Added to Food in the United States” (EAFUS)
An online database where all
the compounds added to food, including additives, are
compiled, as well as the FDA Redbook with guides and
legislation for the food industry is stored
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS)
What are the terms used for food additives?
No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
What is NOAEL?
No Observed Adverse Effect Level is a parameter used as the basis for setting the human
safety standards for food additives. It is identified as the highest dose at which no adverse
effects are observed in the most susceptible
animal species. It is measured in milligrams per kilogram of body
weight per day.
What is Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)?
It was introduced by the Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee
on Food Additives in 1961. It should measure the amount of
an additive in food that could
be orally ingested daily over a
lifetime without an
appreciable health risk. The ADI is the starting point to establish the
maximum amount of a certain additive to be
included in each foodstuff, which can vary from a
few milligrams to “quantum satis,” and expressed
as milligrams of additive per kilogram body
weight (mg/kg bw).
