Additional Vertebral Column Arthrology Flashcards
What amount of flexion-extension is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
about 25 degrees
What amount of axial rotation is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
about 3 to 8 degrees one side axial rotation
What amount of lateral bending is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
about 5 degrees
Which motion is best accomodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
flexion-extension
What is the function of the transverse atlantal ligament?
it is the primary stabilizer of the atlanto-axial joint restricting the distance of C2 from the anterior arch of C1
What movements are facilitated at the median atlanto-axial joint?
flexion-extension, rotation, and telescoping (superior-inferior gliding)
What is ADI?
the Atlanto-Dental Interspace, a radiographic distance between the surfaces of the anterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint
What is the ADI of children compared with that of adults?
about 4.5mm in children; a range of 2-3mm or about 2.5mm in adults
What are the degrees of movement facilitated at the atlanto-axial joint?
about 20 degrees flexion-extension, 40 degrees one side axial rotation, and 5 degrees of lateral bending
The occiput-C1-C2 joint complex accounts for what percent of all cervical axial rotation?
about 60%
What is the embryonic derivative of the apical ligament of the dents or the apicodental ligament?
the notochord
What is the function of the alar ligament?
together they function to resist axial rotation
What forms the cranial continuation of the PLL?
the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane
List in order, the ligaments in a midsagittal plane from dura mater at the level of the medulla oblongata to the anterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint.
the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrance, the cruciate ligament, the capsular ligament of the posterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint, the apical ligament of the dens of the apicodental ligament
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of flexion-extension?
about 90 degrees or about 18 degrees per couple
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side lateral bending?
about 50 degrees or about 10 degrees per couple
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side axial rotation?
about 33 degrees or about six degrees per couple
What are the locations for the costovertebral joints on the vertebra?
the costocentral joint at the vertebral body and the costotransverse joint at the transverse process
At what rib will the superior costotransverse ligament be absent?
the first rib
What ligaments will attach to the neck of the 12th rib?
the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1
What are the attachment sites for the inferior costotransverse ligament?
the neck of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebra at that level
At what rib will the inferior costotransverse ligament be absent?
the 12th rib
What is the name of the space between the transverse process and the neck of the rib?
the costotransverse foramen
Which ligament “fills” the costotransverse foramen?
the inferior costotransverse ligament
What are the attachment sites for the lateral costotransverse ligament?
the non-articular surface of the tubercle of the rib and the transverse tubercle of the transverse process of the vertebra at that level
Which vertebra will lack an attachment for the lateral costotrasverse ligament?
T12
Which vertebral couples of the thoracic spine have the greatest motion?
T11/T12 and T12/L1
Which range of motion is greatest for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
flexion-extension
Which range of motion is least for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
one side axial rotation
Which ligaments replace the intertransverse ligament at the lumbosacral joint?
the iliolumbar ligament and lumbosacral ligament
What muscle is intimately attached to the superior iliolumbar ligament?
quadratus lumborum
Which of the current ligaments from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the iliolumbar ligament of classical descriptions?
the superior iliolumbar ligament
Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex will attach to the sacral ala?
the inferior iliolumbar ligament
Which ligament from the iliolumbar complex represents the lumbosaral ligament of classical descriptions?
the inferior iliolumbar ligament
What are the attachment site for the accessory iliolumbar ligament?
the transverse process of L4 and the iliac crest
What is the joint classification given to each ligament of the iliolumbar ligament complex?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Which vertebral couple of the lumbar spine has the greatest range of motion?
L5/S1
Which range of motion is greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?
flexion-extension
Which range of motion is lease for L1-L5 vertebral couples?
one side axial rotation
Which range of motion is least for the L5/S1 vertebral couple?
one side lateral bending
List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal canal.
the membrana tectoria, PLL, and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the posterior boundary of the spinal canal.
the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum, and the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the auricular surface of the ilium composed of?
articular cartilage, interspersed with fibrocartilage
What does ankylosis mean?
a condition of fibrous adhesion occurs within the joint
What is the age of and surface bias associated with degenerative arthrosis of the sacro-iliac joint?
age 40, the iliac auricular surface
What is the age and gender bias associated with ankylosis of the sacro-iliac joint?
age 50 and male bias particularly in African American males
What is the relationship between the capsular and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments?
the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament replaces the capsular ligament posteriorly
What passes between the layers of the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament?
dorsal rami from the sacral spinal nerves
