Additional Notes Flashcards
Produce an electronic version of an output.
Softcopy Output Devices
Used to display video and graphics information generated by the computer through the video card
Monitors
Thin, flat electronic visual displays that use the light modulating properties of liquid crystals
LCD Monitor
Thin and flat monitors widely used in televisions
Plasma Monitor
Produce a physical form of output.
Hard Copy Output Devices
A device that takes text and graphics information obtained from a computer and prints it on a paper
Printers
The print head has several tiny nozzles, also called jets.
Inkjet printers
A volatile storage area that is used to store data temporarily, so that it can be promptly accessed by the processor
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Extremely high capacity optical disk with storage capacity
DVD-ROM
Data storage device that can automatically load and unload optical disks
CD-ROM Jukebox
A computer memory that provides quick access to the data currently being used for processing
Registers
Stores the address of the data or instruction to be fetched from the main memory
MAR
Stores the data or instruction fetched from the memory
MBR
Stores the instructions currently being executed
IR
Used to transfer data or instructions to or from an I/O device
I/O register
Stores the address of the next instruction to be executed
PC
To execute an instruction, a processor follows a set of basic operations
Instruction cycle
Retrieving an instruction or data from memory
Fetch
Interpreting the instruction
Decode
Running the corresponding commands to process data
Execute
Writing the results of processing into memory
Store
Provides functions for transferring data between the execution unit of the CPU and other components of the computer system that lie outside the CPU
Bus Interface
Set of commands that instructs the processor to perform specific tasks
Instruction set
Controls the timing of all operations within the computer
System clock
Is a technique with which the processor can fetch the second instruction before completing the execution of the first instruction
Pipelining
Processors that can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle
Superscalar processors
Multiple processors can be used simultaneously to execute a single program or task
Parallel processing
Hardware bear more responsibility than the software so that the software can be simple and easy
CISC Computers
Utilizes a small but highly optimized set of instructions
RISC Computers
