additional need to know things

Question 1

Krasner (1976)

Answer 1

hegemonic stability theory: open trade system will only arise when there is a hegemon, because that country will not worry about relative gains of others
– dependent variable (openness of international trading system) vs. independent variable (distribution of economic power)
–> limitation to krasner is that he doesn’t pay attention to the three I’s (ideas interest institution)m

Question 2

morrison (2012)

Answer 2

criticism of Krasner openness of international trade because it is not in line with how UK opened up to trade before being hegemon

Question 3

societal approaches (bottom up)

Answer 3

1. interests
   – collective action
   – factor based models (H-O)
   – sector based models (emphasis on industry cleavages)
   – Frieden
   2.ideas
   – woll
   – rho en toms
   – democratic vs authoritarian

Question 4

democratic vs authoritarian

Answer 4

democratic: need of popular support
- losers also have a voice
- consumers as main beneficiary
–> proportional representation encourages free trade while majoritarian is obstacle
authoritarian; support of smaller sections
- heavy protectionism if inward-looking (NK)
- liberalization if outward-looking (SK)

Question 5

why protectionism

Answer 5

1. societal demands (interest group)
2. ideology and great power politics
3. technocratic considerations

Question 6

how does rodrik extend on katzenstein’s argument

Answer 6

1. test argument empirically at large sample
2. analyses effects of continued globalization on state’s ability to sustain system
   –> growing capital mobility has undermined state’s ability to provide social insurance, which is risky for the sustainability of liberal democracies

Question 7

preferential trade agreements

Answer 7

• lower tariff
• violate MFN principle (but allowed)
• substansively importantt
• various forms (bilateral, regional, transregional)

Question 8

Baldwin

Answer 8

old globalization(industrialization, developed economies, great divergence) vs new globalization (ICT revolution, coordination at distance, great convergence)
–> reshaping of global economy due to shocks (trump, covid-19, ukraine)