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Physiology and Pharmacology Part A's > Additional MCQs for revision > Flashcards

Additional MCQs for revision Flashcards

1
Q

Match the following ligands and receptors:

atropine

A

cardiac acetylcholine receptors

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2
Q

Match the following ligands and receptors:

nicotine

A

ganglionic acetylcholine receptors

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3
Q

Match the following ligands and receptors:

noradrenaline

A

alpha adrenoceptors

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4
Q

Match the following ligands and receptors:

isoprenaline

A

beta2 adrenoceptors

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5
Q

Match the following ligands and receptors:

trimetaphan

A

ganglion blocker

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6
Q

Which hormone/neurotransmitter increases cAMP?

A

adrenaline

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7
Q

Which hormone/neurotransmitter increases IP3?

A

noradrenaline

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8
Q

Which hormone/neurotransmitter increases cGMP?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

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9
Q

Which hormone/neurotransmitter decreases cAMP?

A

acetylcholine

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10
Q

Which hormone/neurotransmitter alters gene expression?

A

aldosterone

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11
Q

Smooth muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions.

A

True

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12
Q

Smooth muscle cells have a well-defined t-tubule system.

A

False

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13
Q

Sarcomeres are poorly developed in smooth muscle.

A

True

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14
Q

Troponin C binds calcium and initiates cross bridge cycling.

A

False

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15
Q

Smooth muscle cells in blood vessels are usually innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

A

False

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16
Q

What is the typical concentration of plasma glucose (fasting)?

A

4mM

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17
Q

What is the typical concentration of plasma bicarbonate?

A

25mM

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18
Q

Normal plasma osmolarity is

A

290mOsm

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19
Q

Normal blood pH (arterial) is

A

7.4

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20
Q

If the extracellular potassium concentration is doubled, what happens to the resting
nerve cell membrane potential?

A

depolarised

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21
Q

Action potential conduction velocity in the largest myelinated nerve fibre is

A

120 m/s

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22
Q

Myelination increases conduction velocity because it

A

permits saltatory conduction

23
Q

Select one drug that can block voltage-gated Na+ channels

A

lidocaine

24
Q

The sequence of nerve block by local anaesthetics is

A

pain first, then general sensory, then motor last

25
Q

A clinical use of a voltage-gated K+ channel blocker is

A

antidysrhythmic

26
Q

Determine the glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) using any of the following values
you require:
inulin appearing in the urine 450mg/min
renal plasma flow 500ml/min
hydrostatic pressure within the glomerulus 45mmHg
hydrostatic pressure within the Bowman’s
capsule 4mmHg
plasma inulin concentration 3.0mg/ml

A

150 ml/min

27
Q

Individual nephrons can control their own glomerular filtration rate (autoregulation)
through a process called tubulo-glomerular feedback. The cells that sense the
composition of the tubular feedback are

A

macula densa cells

28
Q

Identify a mechanism or drug that would increase glomerular filtration rate

A

efferent arteriole vasoconstriction

29
Q

Hypoproteinemia will cause glomerular filtration rate to

A

Hypoproteinemia will cause glomerular filtration rate to

30
Q

This change in glomerular filtration rate is because of

A

the fall in plasma oncotic pressure

31
Q

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location.

H+/K+ ATPase of parietal (oxyntic) cells

A

Canaliculi

32
Q

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location.

Cytochrome C

A

Mitochondrion

33
Q

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location.

Voltage-gated calcium channel

A

Plasma membrane

34
Q

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location.

Myosin

A

Cytoplasm

35
Q

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location.

Acetylcholinesterase

A

Extracellular space

36
Q

The region where sodium and chloride reabsorption is the largest

A

Proximal tubule

37
Q

Where most glucose is reabsorbed

A

Proximal tubule

38
Q

Where aldosterone mainly acts

A

Distal/Collecting tubule

38
Q

Where aldosterone mainly acts

A

Where aldosterone mainly acts

38
Q

Where aldosterone mainly acts

A

Where aldosterone mainly acts

38
Q

Where aldosterone mainly acts

A

Where aldosterone mainly acts

39
Q

The main site of action of potassium-sparing diuretics

A

Distal/Collecting tubule

40
Q

The main site of action of ADH

A

Collecting Duct

41
Q

CO2 is transported from tissues to the lungs in the blood mainly as

A

bicarbonate anions

42
Q

The O2 binding affinity of Hb (haemoglobin) in the red blood cell is reduced by

A

low pH

43
Q

The process wherein the O2 binding affinity of HB in the red blood cells is reduced by low pH is called the

A

Bohr effect

44
Q

Arterial pO2 is

A

100mmHg (13 kPa)

45
Q

Arterial pCO2 is

A

40mmHg (5 kPa)

46
Q

The rapid upstroke is due to

A

voltage-gated Na+ channels

47
Q

The plateau is due to

A

voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels

48
Q

Hyperpolarization is due to

A

voltage-gated K+ channels

49
Q

In an ECG, ventricular repolarization corresponds to

A

T wave

50
Q

Action potential duration is approximately

A

300ms

Physiology and Pharmacology Part A's (1 decks)

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