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NE 226 > Additional Info > Flashcards

Additional Info Flashcards

1
Q

What reflections are absent from the simple lattice structure XRD pattern?

A

None

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2
Q

What reflections are absent from the body centered lattice structure XRD pattern?

A

(h+k+l) is odd

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3
Q

What reflections are absent from the face centered lattice structure XRD pattern?

A

h, k, and l are mixed, odd and even

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4
Q

What reflections are absent from the diamond lattice structure XRD pattern?

A

h, k, and l are mixed; or (h+k+l)=4n+2

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5
Q

What is the expression of Bragg condition?

A
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6
Q

Name the seven crystal structures.

A

Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic, hexagonal

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7
Q

Name the four types of lattice structures.

A

Simple, base-centered, body-centered, and face-centered.

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8
Q

What is the resolution of an optical microscope?

A

200 nm

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9
Q

What is the formula for the resolution of an optical microscope?

A

(0.61*lambda)/NA

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10
Q

What is the formula for the depth of field of an optical microscope?

A

(2R) / [tan(alpha)]

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11
Q

What is the resolution of a TEM?

A

0.1 nm

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12
Q

What is the resolution of a SEM?

A

1 nm

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13
Q

What are the lateral and vertical resolutions of a STM?

A

Lateral: 0.1 nm

Vertical: 0.01 nm

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14
Q

What are the lateral and vertical resolutions of a AFM?

A

Lateral: 1 nm

Vertical: 0.1 nm

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15
Q

What is the formula for oscilation frequency?

A
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16
Q

What is the formula for reduced mass?

A
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17
Q

What are the types of vibrations that contribute to a 3 atom molecules’ 9 degrees of freedom (specify the number of degrees of each type).

A

Symmetric Stretching (x 1)

Asymmetric Stretching (x 1)

Bending (x 1)

Translational (x 3)

Rotational (x 3)

18
Q

Which vibration[s] type[s] of the following molecule will be visible on an IR spectrum?

A

Asymmetric stretching

Bending

19
Q

Which type[s] of vibration[s] will be visible on a Raman spetrum of the following molecule?

A

Symmetric stretching

20
Q

Which type[s] of vibration[s] will be visible on a Raman spetrum of the following molecule?

A

Symmetric Stretching

Asymmetric Stretching

Bending

21
Q

Which vibration[s] are visible on the IR spectrum of the following molecule?

A

Symmetric Stretching

Asymmetric Stretching

Bending

22
Q

Identify the unit cell of the honeycomb lattice (small dots) and the rectangular lattice (big dots). And what are the unit vector lengths of the two types of unit cells?

A

Honeycomb is hexagonal unit cell with edge length √3 angstroms.

Rectangular cell has edge lengths 2√3 and 3 angstroms

23
Q

What is the typical energy and wavelength of visible light in an optical microscope?

A

Energy: ~ 2 eV

Wavelength: ~ 600 nm

24
Q

What is the typical energy and wavelength of electrons in a SEM?

A

Energy: ~ 10 keV

Wavelength: ~ 0.1 angstom

25
Q

What is the typical energy and wavelength of photons used in x-ray diffraction?

A

Energy: ~ 10 keV

Wavelength: ~ 1 angstrom

26
Q

Which energy level makes copper a good conductor?

A

4s (this is the conduction electron)

27
Q

In x-ray terminology, what are the names for the x-ray line #1, #2, and #3 (see marked)?

A

line #1: Kα2

line #2: Kα1

line #3: Kβ

28
Q

The 2p atomic shell has two energy levels, what causes such a splitting?

A

spin-orbit splitting (or l-s, l+s)

29
Q

What is the ratio of electron population between the higher energy level (#4) and the lower one (#5), and why?

A

2:1

The l+s=3/2 level has 4 states, the l-s=1/2 level has 2 states.

30
Q

What is the function of a Gobel mirror, how is it able to achieve both beam monochromation and collimation?

A

It focuses x-ray by following contour of parabola and place the source at focal point (collimation), and the way it reflects x-ray is through Bragg diffraction (strict wavelength correlation leads to monochromation).

31
Q

What are the five lenses usually called in this system? Name them sequentially from the top down.

A

2 x condenser lens

objective lens

2 x projector lens

32
Q

Which of these two configurations is the diffraction mode?

A

Left

33
Q

How is selected area diffraction (SAD) performed with a TEM?

A

In imaging mode, use selected area aperture to select region of interest. Switch back to diffraction mode.

34
Q

Two aperture positions are marked 1&2, what are their corresponding apertures named? Which can be used to enhance mass density contrast and why?

A

1 - objective aperture

2 - selected area aperture

Objective aperture used to enhance mass density contrast because it can block scattered beams from denser regions, thus enhancing contrast.

35
Q

Explain the formation of Kikuchi lines.

A

Defects scatter beams which then go through Bragg diffraction on two sides, leading to a pair of lines.

36
Q

Explain the formation of bending contours.

A

On a curved surface, Bragg diffraction can be met on two locations and they distort beams away leading to a pair of dark lines on the image.

37
Q

How do we distinguish mass density contrast from diffraction contrast under TEM?

A

Tilt the sample (diffraction contrast changes dramatically with angle while mass density does not).

38
Q

Draw the (20¯23) atomic plane.

A
39
Q

What is a hydrogen bond and why is it unique to hydrogen?

A

When hydrogen atom partially loses its electron it becomes extremley small and can very closely approach other positive ions and form a bond with Coulomb forces. It is unique to hydrogen because of its smallness.

40
Q

What is the difference between a “textured” and “epitaxial” film?

A

Epitaxial means ordered in all 3 directions, textured means ordered only in the out-of-plane direction.

NE 226 (4 decks)

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