Additional Cards Flashcards
Which syndrome is most correlated with Hep C
MPGN
Difference between HCO3 movement in PT and TAL
PT - basolateral membrane has a HCO3 Cl symporter
TAL - HCO3 and Cl transporter is an exchanger
Say whether the following stimulate or reduce bicarbonate reabsorption/acid excretion: aldosterone/AII, volume expansion, hypokalemia
Aldosterone/AII = stimulates acid excretion
Volume expansion = reduces acid excretion
Hypokalemia = stimulates acid excretion
Winter’s formula
pCO2 = (1.5*HCO3) + 8
An acute change in pCO2 of 10 should align with a pH change of:
0.08
How to get the proteinuria in a day
Divide urine protein by urine creatinine -> g/day
Creatinine clearance equation
UcrV/Pcr
What is a middle-of-the-road specific gravity
1.010 - 1.015 -> 250-300 serum osm
Two main ethical principles that come up in transplant
Truth-telling for the blameless medical excuse
Non-maleficence for the harm you are inflicting on the living donor
Main things that cause a metabolic acidosis through loss of bicarbonate
Diarrhea, and proximal (Type II) RTA
Main mechanisms of metabolic acidosis that do not include losing bicarbonate
Kidneys not excreting acid - CKD, distal RTA (Type I, which can lead to kidney stones)
H+ intoxication
Lactic or ketoacidosis
What DURHAM stands for
Diarrhea Ureteral diversions RTA (Type 2/proximal) Hypocapnia Acetazolamide/Ampho B Mineralocorticoid deficiency (RTA Type 4)
What offsets what in different types of metabolic acidosis (if just one)
Elevated anion gap -> bicarbonate is smaller and unmeasured anion is larger in equal amount
Non-elevated -> bicarbonate smaller and chloride higher to compensate
What is a normal body temperature in Celcius
36.1-37.2
Main types of RTA
- Type II first - proximal - patient not fully reclaiming all the bicarbonate -> so you have a systemic acidosis. Common causes are multiple myeloma and medications. Hypokalemia.
- Type I - distal - defect in pumping out hydrogen effectively - also going to make you acidotic. Hypokalemia
- Type IV RTA - systemic acidosis with hyperkalemia - not enough aldosterone - diabetic patients
Definition of high value prescribing
providing simplest medication regimen that minimizes physical and financial risk while achieving the best outcome