ADDITIONAL CANVAS MATERIAL

Question 1

what is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia, and what are the tell-tale clinical manifestations to look out for?

Answer 1

Anemia caused by autoimmune disorder (attacks gastric parietal cells aka cells that absorb B12 (cobalamin) in gastric lining). B12 allows for mature RBC formation, DNA/myelin sheath synthesis and neuro function.

You’re gonna see glossitis (beefy red tongue), paleness, SOB, fatigue, paresthesia (numbness/tingling), ataxia (unbalance)

Diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests showing macrocytic anemia, low serum vitamin B12 levels, and the presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. A Schilling test or intrinsic factor antibody test may be used to further assess absorption issues.