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Additional Applied Science - The Basics > Additional Applied Science - The Basics > Flashcards

Additional Applied Science - The Basics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do hazard symbols show?

A

Hazard symbols show if something is dangerous

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2
Q

What are safety signs used for?

A

Keeping people safe in the workplace

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3
Q

When should different fire extinguishers be used and what do they contain?

A

Red = water (for wood)

Black = CO2 (for electrical)

Cream = foam (for liquids)

Blue = powder (for gases)

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4
Q

What is the blood made up of and what does it carry?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

The blood carries amongst other things oxygen and glucose to all the cells

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5
Q

What are the three types of blood vessel and what do they do?

A

Arteries – blood away from the heart

Veins – blood back to the heart

Capillaries – exchange of material at the tissues

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6
Q

When we breathe what gas do we need to inhale and what gas do we need to exhale?

A

We need to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide (for respiration)

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7
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose using oxygen

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8
Q

What is anaerobic respiration and what is the problem with it?

A

Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose without oxygen – it leads to an oxygen debt

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9
Q

What does recovery time depend on?

A

Recovery time depends on fitness

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10
Q

How does the body regulate body temperature?

A

If the body is too hot it sweats, blood vessels dilate and hair lays flat

If the body is too cold it shivers, blood vessels constrict and hair stands on end

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11
Q

How does the body regulate sugar levels?

A

If there is too much glucose then insulin is released which stores excess sugar

If there is too little sugar then insulin is now longer released (and glucagon is) which releases excess sugar

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12
Q

How are glucose levels measured?

A

Using a dipstick (urine sample measured on a colour chart to identify if any glucose is present)

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13
Q

How is muscle strength measured?

A

Using the grip test

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14
Q

How do muscles move bones?

A

Bones are held together by ligaments

Bones are attached to muscles by tendons and the muscles contract to pull on the bone and move it

Muscles usually come in antagonistic pairs (e.g. biceps and triceps) as muscles can only pull (not push)

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15
Q

What is a moment and how is it worked out?

A

A moment is a turning force

Moment = force x distance

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16
Q

What materials are suitable for artificial joints?

A

Materials which are durable, lightweight but do not react with the body (e.g. titanium)

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17
Q

What does body mass index (BMI) show?

A

BMI shows underweight / overweight people

BMI = mass ÷ height2

<18.5 = underweight

18.5-24.9 = normal

25-29.9 = overweight

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18
Q

How do sports drinks help an athlete?

A

Sports drinks contain water, glucose and electrolytes which are lost during exercise (isotonic drinks)

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19
Q

How are good safety standards promoted?

A

Products carry a BSI or CE mark meaning the product has been tested for safety and is fit for purpose

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20
Q

What is compressive and tensile strength?

A

Materials can have a high compressive strength (cannot be crushed easily) and a high tensile strength (resist being stretched)

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21
Q

What properties can materials have to be useful?

A

Stiffness

Flexibility

Toughness

Brittleness

Hardness

Density

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22
Q

What is electrical and thermal conductivity?

A

Electrical conductivity is the ability for a material to conduct electricity (e.g. copper wire)

Thermal conductivity is the ability for a material to conduct heat (e.g. a saucepan)

23
Q

What are the properties of ceramics?

A

Ceramics are hard (but break easily) and are very poor conductors (e.g. used as a coffee cup)

24
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

Metals are strong but flexible (alloys are a mixture of metals)

25
Q

What are the properties of polymers?

A

Polymers are plastics which are flexible, are good insulators, have a low density (e.g. a plastic bag / electrical wire shielding)

26
Q

What are the properties of composites?

A

Composites are two or more different materials (e.g. glass reinforced plastic for windscreens)

27
Q

What is the difference between a natural and synthetic material?

A

Synthetic: man made materials which can be more durable / cheaper

Natural: found naturally and are usually biodegradable

28
Q

Who regulates the food industry?

A

FSA and DEFRA

29
Q

What can cause food poisoning?

A

Microorganisms

30
Q

How can hygiene be improved in areas used for cooking?

A

Keep yourself clean

Use disinfectants / detergents

Use heat to sterilize equipment

Dispose of waste properly

Control pests

31
Q

How can bacteria be slowed / stopped?

A

Refrigeration

Freezing

Heating

Drying

Salting / Pickling

32
Q

How do streak plates help identify bacteria?

A

Wire loop to get rid of any bacteria / dip the loop into the sample / spread onto agar plate and leave to grow

33
Q

How are bacteria useful in food production?

How are yeast useful in food production?

A

Bacteria are used to make cheese / yoghurt

Yeast are used to make bread / alcohol

34
Q

What minerals are needed for plants to be healthy?

A

Nitrates

Phosphates

Potassium

Magnesium

35
Q

How does intensive farming maximise the amount of food which can be produced?

A

Artificial fertilisers, pesticides, fungiscides and herbicides help plants grow and pests destroyed

Livestock are kept in warm restricted areas to reduce energy loss

36
Q

What is organic farming?

A

Organic farming methods do not use chemicals (weeds are pests are controlled by hand / natural pesticides and predators) and livestock have more room to move

37
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

Only allowing certain animals to breed so traits you want are shown (e.g. only big cows are bred)

38
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Transferring genes from one organism to another

39
Q

How is artificial fertiliser made?

A

Artificial fertilisers are made via a neutralization reaction

Ammonia + Nitric Acid >>> Ammonium Nitrate + Water

40
Q

How is percentage yield calculated?

A

Percentage yield = (actual yield ÷ theoretical yield) x 100

41
Q

How can a reaction be sped up?

A

Increase temperature

Increase concentration

Increase pressure

Use smaller particles

Add a catalyst

42
Q

What are the properties of an ionic compound?

A

Ionic compounds have charged particles – they have high melting points

43
Q

What are the properties of a covalent compound?

A

Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points

44
Q

What are the flame tests for metal ions?

A

What are the flame tests for metal ions?

45
Q

How are carbonates tested for?

A

Add dilute acid – carbon dioxide is given off is a carbonate is present

46
Q

How are sulfates tested for?

A

Add hydrochloric acid then barium chloride – if a white precipitate forms a sulfate is present

47
Q

How are chlorides tested for?

A

Add nitric acid then silver nitrate – if a white precipitate forms a chloride is present

48
Q

What is the test for ethanol?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate tests for ethanol (turns from orange to green)

49
Q

Acidified potassium dichromate tests for ethanol (turns from orange to green)

A

Place dot of ink on chromatography paper; place paper in water; as water travels up the paper the ink is separated…

50
Q

What is titration?

What can it be used for?

A

Titration is used to add exact quantities of solution – a known concentration of acid can be used to work out the concentration of an unknown alkali (or vice-versa)

51
Q

How can Rf values be calculated?

A

Different chromatograms and the separated components of the mixtures can be identified by calculating the Rf value

52
Q

What is contained in blood?

A

Blood plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

53
Q

What are the 4 main blood groups?

A

A

B

O

AB

54
Q

What is refractive index?

A

Refractive index is the bending of light (due to refraction) in different mediums

Additional Applied Science - The Basics (1 decks)

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