Additional Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following is a key ethical principle in patient advocacy?
A) Advocacy for only certain patient populations
B) Non-maleficence
C) Limiting patient autonomy
D) Disregarding patient confidentiality
A
B) Non-maleficence
2
Q
If a patient refuses a treatment that their healthcare provider recommends, what is the most appropriate action for a patient advocate?
A) Convince the patient to accept the treatment
B) Respect the patient’s decision and ensure it is documented
C) Report the patient to the healthcare provider’s superior
D) Ignore the patient’s wishes and support the healthcare provider
A
B) Respect the patient’s decision and ensure it is documented
3
Q
Which method is most effective for ensuring that a patient with limited health literacy understands their medical condition?
A) Provide detailed medical journals for them to read
B) Use plain language and visual aids
C) Have the patient sign documents without explanation
D) Allow the patient to figure out the information on their own
A
B) Use plain language and visual aids
4
Q
The teach-back method is used to:
A) Test the patient’s knowledge on medical procedures
B) Ensure that the patient understands the information by asking them to repeat it in their own words
C) Have the patient teach others about their condition
D) Allow the healthcare provider to repeat their instructions multiple times
A
B) Ensure that the patient understands the information by asking them to repeat it in their own words
5
Q
What is the primary role of a patient advocate in navigating the healthcare system?
A) To diagnose the patient’s condition
B) To provide legal representation in medical malpractice cases
C) To assist patients in accessing appropriate care and understanding their healthcare options
D) To manage the patient’s finances
A
C) To assist patients in accessing appropriate care and understanding their healthcare options
6
Q
When helping a patient understand their health insurance, a patient advocate should:
A) Avoid explaining complex terms to the patient
B) Provide the patient with legal advice
C) Help the patient understand their coverage, including what is and isn’t covered
D) Ignore the patient’s financial concerns
A
C) Help the patient understand their coverage, including what is and isn’t covered
7
Q
HIPAA primarily protects which aspect of patient rights?
A) The right to refuse treatment
B) The right to access affordable healthcare
C) The right to privacy and confidentiality of health information
D) The right to receive pain management
A
C) The right to privacy and confidentiality of health information
8
Q
Which of the following is a correct action for a patient advocate when a patient requests access to their medical records?
A) Deny the request to protect the healthcare provider’s interests
B) Assist the patient in submitting a formal request to access their records
C) Inform the patient that they are not allowed to see their own records
D) Change the records before providing them to the patient
A
B) Assist the patient in submitting a formal request to access their records
9
Q
Why is cultural competency important in patient advocacy?
A) To ensure that the healthcare provider’s cultural background is respected
B) To make sure that all patients receive identical care regardless of their background
C) To provide care that is respectful of and responsive to the cultural needs of the patient
D) To encourage patients to adopt the advocate’s cultural beliefs
A
C) To provide care that is respectful of and responsive to the cultural needs of the patient
10
Q
If a patient’s cultural beliefs conflict with a recommended medical treatment, the advocate should:
A) Disregard the patient’s cultural beliefs and insist on the treatment
B) Support the patient in making an informed decision that respects their cultural beliefs
C) Convince the patient that their beliefs are wrong
D) Remove the patient from the healthcare provider’s care
A
B) Support the patient in making an informed decision that respects their cultural beliefs
11
Q
Which of the following is a fundamental right of patients?
A) The right to be treated by a specific healthcare provider
B) The right to access their medical records
C) The right to prescribe their own medications
D) The right to refuse routine hospital procedures
A
B) The right to access their medical records
12
Q
A patient advocate’s role in ensuring informed consent includes:
A) Deciding which treatment the patient should receive
B) Providing a detailed explanation of treatment options, risks, and benefits
C) Completing the consent form on behalf of the patient
D) Ensuring the patient’s family agrees with the decision
A
B) Providing a detailed explanation of treatment options, risks, and benefits
13
Q
In a healthcare crisis, the first priority of a patient advocate is to:
A) Criticize the healthcare team
B) Remain calm and assess the situation
C) Call the patient’s family members
D) Contact the media
A
B) Remain calm and assess the situation
14
Q
When resolving a conflict between a patient and a healthcare provider, the advocate should:
A) Take sides with the healthcare provider
B) Facilitate open communication and mediate the discussion
C) Ignore the conflict and hope it resolves itself
D) Advise the patient to change providers immediately
A
B) Facilitate open communication and mediate the discussion
15
Q
The primary responsibility of a patient advocate when supporting a patient in a clinical trial is to:
A) Conduct the trial themselves
B) Ensure the patient fully understands the trial and provides informed consent
C) Convince the patient to participate in the trial
D) Keep the patient’s participation secret from their family
A
B) Ensure the patient fully understands the trial and provides informed consent
16
Q
If a patient expresses concerns about continuing in a clinical trial, the patient advocate should:
A) Ignore the concerns and focus on the benefits of the trial
B) Encourage the patient to continue regardless of their concerns
C) Discuss the concerns with the patient and explore their options, including the possibility of withdrawing from the trial
D) Tell the patient they must continue once they’ve started
A
C) Discuss the concerns with the patient and explore their options, including the possibility of withdrawing from the trial
17
Q
A patient advocate’s role in end-of-life care includes:
A) Making all decisions on behalf of the patient
B) Facilitating discussions about the patient’s wishes and ensuring those wishes are respected
C) Deciding whether the patient should receive life-sustaining treatments
D) Advising the family to override the patient’s decisions
A
B) Facilitating discussions about the patient’s wishes and ensuring those wishes are respected
18
Q
If a patient does not have an advance directive and is unable to make decisions, the patient advocate should:
A) Make decisions for the patient based on their own beliefs
B) Work with the healthcare team and family to determine the patient’s likely wishes based on known values and preferences
C) Delay all treatment until an advance directive is completed
D) Ignore the patient’s previously expressed wishes
A
B) Work with the healthcare team and family to determine the patient’s likely wishes based on known values and preferences
19
Q
Why is it important for patient advocates to maintain professional boundaries?
A) To ensure they remain distant and unapproachable
B) To prevent burnout and maintain effective advocacy
C) To avoid forming any kind of relationship with the patient
D) To ensure the patient feels isolated
A
B) To prevent burnout and maintain effective advocacy
20
Q
Which of the following is a strategy for maintaining professional boundaries?
A) Encouraging personal relationships with patients outside of work
B) Accepting gifts from patients as a sign of appreciation
C) Clearly defining the advocate’s role and responsibilities at the start of the relationship
D) Making decisions for the patient without consulting them
A
C) Clearly defining the advocate’s role and responsibilities at the start of the relationship
21
Q
A patient expresses that they do not want to undergo a life-saving surgery because of their religious beliefs. As a patient advocate, your best course of action is to:
A) Respect the patient’s wishes and ensure that their decision is communicated to the healthcare team.
B) Persuade the patient to change their mind since the surgery is life-saving.
C) Ignore the patient’s wishes and allow the healthcare team to proceed with the surgery.
D) Ask the patient’s family to convince them to undergo the surgery.
A
A) Respect the patient’s wishes and ensure that their decision is communicated to the healthcare team.
22
Q
A patient has been discharged from the hospital but has not received clear instructions on how to manage their care at home. The patient is now confused and anxious. As a patient advocate, your first step should be to:
A) Tell the patient to follow their instincts on how to care for themselves.
B) Contact the hospital to obtain the discharge instructions and clarify them for the patient.
C) Advise the patient to return to the hospital for further care.
D) Ignore the issue as it is outside your responsibilities.
A
B) Contact the hospital to obtain the discharge instructions and clarify them for the patient.
23
Q
A patient with a hearing impairment is struggling to understand the instructions from their healthcare provider. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Speak loudly and slowly to the patient.
B) Arrange for a sign language interpreter or other appropriate communication aids.
C) Provide written instructions and assume the patient will understand them.
D) Allow the healthcare provider to continue without intervention
A
B) Arrange for a sign language interpreter or other appropriate communication aids.
24
Q
A non-English-speaking patient needs to understand a complex medical procedure. What is the best approach for you as a patient advocate?
A) Ask a bilingual family member to translate the information.
B) Use a professional medical interpreter to ensure accurate communication.
C) Attempt to explain the procedure using gestures and simple English.
D) Skip the explanation, assuming the patient trusts the healthcare provider’s decision.
A
B) Use a professional medical interpreter to ensure accurate communication.
25
A patient is overwhelmed by multiple appointments with different specialists and is unsure how to coordinate their care. As a patient advocate, your role is to:
A) Suggest the patient cancels some of their appointments.
B) Help the patient create a schedule and coordinate with the healthcare providers to ensure continuity of care.
C) Advise the patient to choose only one specialist to see.
D) Tell the patient to manage their appointments without assistance.
B) Help the patient create a schedule and coordinate with the healthcare providers to ensure continuity of care.
26
A patient needs to undergo an expensive treatment that is only partially covered by their insurance. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Encourage the patient to take out a loan to cover the costs.
B) Assist the patient in exploring financial assistance programs or negotiating payment plans with the healthcare provider.
C) Advise the patient to skip the treatment.
D) Suggest the patient switch to a different insurance plan immediately.
B) Assist the patient in exploring financial assistance programs or negotiating payment plans with the healthcare provider.
27
A patient requests that you review their medical records for potential errors. As a patient advocate, your appropriate action is to:
A) Decline the request as it is not within your scope of practice.
B) Help the patient obtain their records and assist them in reviewing for any obvious errors, then guide them on how to address them with their healthcare provider.
C) Alter the records yourself to correct any errors.
D) Refer the patient to a lawyer to handle the issue.
B) Help the patient obtain their records and assist them in reviewing for any obvious errors, then guide them on how to address them with their healthcare provider.
28
A patient is concerned that their privacy was violated when their medical information was shared without their consent. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Reassure the patient that this is normal and no action is needed.
B) Investigate the incident, report the potential HIPAA violation to the appropriate authorities, and support the patient in filing a complaint if necessary.
C) Advise the patient to forget about it.
D) Ignore the patient’s concern as it is not your responsibility.
B) Investigate the incident, report the potential HIPAA violation to the appropriate authorities, and support the patient in filing a complaint if necessary.
29
A patient from a cultural background that values alternative medicine is hesitant to follow a prescribed treatment plan. How should you, as a patient advocate, proceed?
A) Convince the patient to ignore their cultural beliefs and follow the prescribed treatment.
B) Respectfully discuss the patient’s cultural beliefs and work with the healthcare provider to integrate the patient’s preferences with the treatment plan.
C) Dismiss the patient’s cultural beliefs as unimportant.
D) Tell the patient to follow their cultural practices and ignore the treatment plan entirely.
B) Respectfully discuss the patient’s cultural beliefs and work with the healthcare provider to integrate the patient’s preferences with the treatment plan.
30
A patient’s religious practices require fasting, but this conflicts with their treatment schedule. As a patient advocate, your best course of action is to:
A) Tell the patient to ignore their religious practices during treatment.
B) Collaborate with the healthcare team to adjust the treatment plan in a way that respects the patient’s religious practices while still addressing their medical needs.
C) Ignore the conflict and proceed with the treatment as planned.
D) Advise the patient to follow their religious practices and avoid treatment.
B) Collaborate with the healthcare team to adjust the treatment plan in a way that respects the patient’s religious practices while still addressing their medical needs.
31
A patient wishes to refuse a specific diagnostic test, but the healthcare provider insists it is necessary. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Encourage the patient to comply without questioning the healthcare provider.
B) Support the patient’s right to refuse the test and facilitate a discussion between the patient and the healthcare provider to explore alternative options.
C) Ignore the patient’s wishes and side with the healthcare provider.
D) Tell the patient to seek care elsewhere if they refuse the test.
B) Support the patient’s right to refuse the test and facilitate a discussion between the patient and the healthcare provider to explore alternative options.
32
A patient is being pressured by their family to undergo a treatment they do not want. As a patient advocate, your role is to:
A) Side with the family and encourage the patient to undergo the treatment.
B) Protect the patient’s autonomy by ensuring their decision is respected, even in the face of family pressure.
C) Avoid getting involved in the situation.
D) Advise the patient to follow the family’s wishes to avoid conflict.
B) Protect the patient’s autonomy by ensuring their decision is respected, even in the face of family pressure.
33
A patient becomes extremely anxious during a medical procedure and wants it to stop immediately. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Encourage the patient to continue despite their anxiety.
B) Immediately inform the healthcare team of the patient’s request to stop the procedure and ensure the patient’s wishes are respected.
C) Ignore the patient’s request and allow the procedure to continue.
D) Suggest that the patient wait until the procedure is over to express their concerns.
B) Immediately inform the healthcare team of the patient’s request to stop the procedure and ensure the patient’s wishes are respected.
34
During a care meeting, a disagreement arises between the patient and the healthcare provider regarding the treatment plan. As a patient advocate, your role is to:
A) Take the side of the healthcare provider.
B) Facilitate a constructive discussion between the patient and provider to reach a resolution that respects the patient’s preferences and the provider’s expertise.
C) Advise the patient to accept whatever the provider recommends.
D) Ignore the conflict and let the provider decide.
B) Facilitate a constructive discussion between the patient and provider to reach a resolution that respects the patient’s preferences and the provider’s expertise.
35
A patient is enrolled in a clinical trial but is experiencing unexpected side effects. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Encourage the patient to continue without addressing the side effects.
B) Report the side effects to the research team immediately and support the patient in discussing whether they should continue in the trial.
C) Advise the patient to withdraw from the trial immediately.
D) Ignore the side effects as they are part of the trial.
B) Report the side effects to the research team immediately and support the patient in discussing whether they should continue in the trial.
36
A patient is unsure about participating in a clinical trial due to concerns about the risks. The most appropriate action for a patient advocate is to:
A) Pressure the patient to participate in the trial.
B) Provide detailed information about the trial’s risks and benefits, and support the patient in making an informed decision.
C) Dismiss the patient’s concerns as irrelevant.
D) Advise the patient to avoid clinical trials altogether.
B) Provide detailed information about the trial’s risks and benefits, and support the patient in making an informed decision.
37
A patient has an advance directive that states they do not want to be resuscitated, but their family insists on resuscitation if the situation arises. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Side with the family and ignore the advance directive.
B) Ensure the healthcare team respects the patient’s advance directive, even if the family disagrees.
C) Convince the family to change the advance directive.
D) Allow the family to overrule the advance directive.
B) Ensure the healthcare team respects the patient’s advance directive, even if the family disagrees.
38
A terminally ill patient wants to discuss their end-of-life wishes, but their family refuses to talk about it. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Respect the family’s wishes and avoid the topic.
B) Support the patient in discussing their end-of-life wishes and ensure these wishes are documented and respected.
C) Ignore the patient’s request and focus on their current treatment.
D) Wait until the patient’s condition worsens before discussing end-of-life care.
B) Support the patient in discussing their end-of-life wishes and ensure these wishes are documented and respected.
39
A patient you have been advocating for invites you to their family gathering. To maintain professional boundaries, you should:
A) Accept the invitation to maintain a good relationship with the patient.
B) Politely decline the invitation and explain the importance of maintaining professional boundaries.
C) Attend the gathering but avoid discussing professional matters.
D) Ignore the invitation and continue your work with the patient as usual.
B) Politely decline the invitation and explain the importance of maintaining professional boundaries.
40
You find yourself becoming emotionally overwhelmed after supporting a particularly challenging case. To maintain your effectiveness as a patient advocate, you should:
A) Ignore your feelings and continue working without taking a break.
B) Seek supervision, peer support, or take a short break to process your emotions and recharge.
C) Quit your job because you are too emotionally involved.
D) Start avoiding challenging cases in the future.
B) Seek supervision, peer support, or take a short break to process your emotions and recharge.
41
A patient advocate overhears a healthcare provider discussing a patient’s condition in a public space. The best course of action for the advocate is to:
A) Ignore the situation as it is not your responsibility.
B) Inform the patient immediately about the breach of confidentiality.
C) Address the healthcare provider privately to remind them of the importance of patient confidentiality.
D) Report the healthcare provider to the media.
C) Address the healthcare provider privately to remind them of the importance of patient confidentiality
42
If a patient advocate is asked to provide testimony in a legal case involving a patient they have worked with, the advocate should:
A) Refuse to testify to protect the patient’s privacy.
B) Provide testimony only if it does not breach patient confidentiality and is within the advocate’s scope of practice.
C) Testify freely about all aspects of the patient’s care.
D) Contact the patient’s family for permission to testify.
B) Provide testimony only if it does not breach patient confidentiality and is within the advocate’s scope of practice.
43
A patient with cognitive impairment is struggling to make decisions about their care. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Make decisions on behalf of the patient.
B) Work closely with the patient, their family, and healthcare team to ensure the patient’s preferences are understood and respected.
C) Ignore the patient’s preferences since they are cognitively impaired.
D) Transfer responsibility for decision-making to the healthcare provider.
B) Work closely with the patient, their family, and healthcare team to ensure the patient’s preferences are understood and respected.
44
During a care team meeting, the healthcare provider uses complex medical jargon that the patient does not understand. The advocate’s best response is to:
A) Do nothing and let the provider continue.
B) Interrupt the provider and demand they stop using medical terms.
C) Ask the provider to explain the information in simpler terms so that the patient can understand.
D) Translate the jargon into layman’s terms for the patient after the meeting.
C) Ask the provider to explain the information in simpler terms so that the patient can understand.
45
A patient is struggling to pay for their prescribed medications due to high costs. As a patient advocate, your role is to:
A) Suggest the patient stop taking the medication to save money.
B) Assist the patient in finding financial assistance programs or generic alternatives that are more affordable.
C) Advise the patient to take the medication only when they feel it’s necessary.
D) Tell the patient that there’s nothing that can be done.
B) Assist the patient in finding financial assistance programs or generic alternatives that are more affordable.
46
A patient is having difficulty scheduling an appointment with a specialist due to long wait times. The best approach for the patient advocate is to:
A) Tell the patient to wait patiently for their appointment.
B) Explore alternative specialists with shorter wait times or advocate for an expedited appointment based on the patient’s medical needs.
C) Suggest the patient seek care at an emergency room instead.
D) Cancel the appointment altogether.
B) Explore alternative specialists with shorter wait times or advocate for an expedited appointment based on the patient’s medical needs.
47
A patient is concerned about their rights being violated during their hospital stay. The patient advocate’s first step should be to:
A) Ignore the concerns since they are likely unfounded.
B) Listen to the patient’s concerns, document them, and help the patient understand their rights and options for addressing the issue.
C) Tell the patient that they cannot do anything about it.
D) Report the issue to the hospital administration immediately without discussing it with the patient.
B) Listen to the patient’s concerns, document them, and help the patient understand their rights and options for addressing the issue.
48
A healthcare provider asks a patient advocate to share confidential patient information without the patient’s consent. The advocate should:
A) Comply with the request to maintain a good relationship with the provider.
B) Refuse the request and explain that patient information cannot be shared without the patient’s explicit consent.
C) Share only the information that seems relevant.
D) Tell the patient to give their consent immediately.
B) Refuse the request and explain that patient information cannot be shared without the patient’s explicit consent.
49
A patient from a different cultural background is hesitant to undergo a recommended medical procedure due to traditional healing practices. The patient advocate should:
A) Disregard the patient’s cultural beliefs and insist on the medical procedure.
B) Respect the patient’s cultural beliefs and work with the healthcare team to explore options that incorporate the patient’s preferences while addressing their medical needs.
C) Advise the patient to abandon their traditional practices.
D) Ignore the patient’s concerns and let the healthcare provider decide.
B) Respect the patient’s cultural beliefs and work with the healthcare team to explore options that incorporate the patient’s preferences while addressing their medical needs.
50
A patient does not speak English and is struggling to communicate with their healthcare providers. The patient advocate should:
A) Attempt to communicate using gestures and simple words.
B) Arrange for a professional interpreter to ensure accurate and effective communication.
C) Ask the patient’s family members to interpret, regardless of their language skills.
D) Ignore the language barrier and proceed with the appointment.
B) Arrange for a professional interpreter to ensure accurate and effective communication.
51
A patient expresses that they feel their concerns are not being taken seriously by their healthcare provider. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Dismiss the patient’s feelings and tell them to trust the provider.
B) Listen to the patient’s concerns, validate their feelings, and work with the provider to ensure the patient’s concerns are addressed.
C) Advise the patient to find a new provider immediately.
D) Ignore the situation as it is not your responsibility.
B) Listen to the patient’s concerns, validate their feelings, and work with the provider to ensure the patient’s concerns are addressed.
52
A patient is hesitant to sign an informed consent form because they do not fully understand the procedure. The patient advocate’s role is to:
A) Encourage the patient to sign the form quickly to avoid delays.
B) Explain the procedure in clear terms and ensure the patient’s questions are answered before they sign the form.
C) Sign the form on the patient’s behalf.
D) Tell the patient that it’s not important to understand all the details.
B) Explain the procedure in clear terms and ensure the patient’s questions are answered before they sign the form.
53
During an emergency, a patient’s healthcare provider suggests a treatment that the patient previously refused in their advance directive. The patient advocate should:
A) Ignore the advance directive and support the provider’s suggestion.
B) Remind the healthcare provider of the patient’s advance directive and ensure that the patient’s wishes are respected.
C) Allow the provider to make the final decision.
D) Encourage the patient’s family to overrule the advance directive.
B) Remind the healthcare provider of the patient’s advance directive and ensure that the patient’s wishes are respected
54
A patient becomes frustrated and angry during a conversation with their healthcare provider about a treatment plan. The patient advocate should:
A) Take the provider’s side and calm the patient down.
B) Intervene to de-escalate the situation and facilitate a calm, constructive discussion between the patient and provider.
C) Ignore the patient’s frustration and allow the conversation to continue.
D) Advise the patient to stop expressing their emotions.
B) Intervene to de-escalate the situation and facilitate a calm, constructive discussion between the patient and provider.
55
A patient considering participation in a clinical trial is concerned about the potential risks. The patient advocate should:
A) Dismiss the concerns and focus on the benefits of the trial.
B) Provide the patient with comprehensive information about the risks and benefits, and support them in making an informed decision.
C) Encourage the patient to participate regardless of their concerns.
D) Advise the patient to avoid clinical trials due to the risks involved.
B) Provide the patient with comprehensive information about the risks and benefits, and support them in making an informed decision.
56
A patient in a clinical trial experiences a serious adverse event and is unsure whether to continue. The patient advocate should:
A) Advise the patient to withdraw from the trial immediately.
B) Discuss the situation with the patient and research team, ensuring the patient is fully informed of their options, including withdrawal.
C) Ignore the event and encourage the patient to continue.
D) Decide on behalf of the patient whether they should continue.
B) Discuss the situation with the patient and research team, ensuring the patient is fully informed of their options, including withdrawal.
57
A patient has an advance directive stating they do not want to be placed on a ventilator, but their condition suddenly deteriorates. The healthcare team is preparing to intubate. The patient advocate’s best action is to:
A) Allow the healthcare team to proceed with the intubation.
B) Remind the healthcare team of the patient’s advance directive and advocate for alternative care options that align with the patient’s wishes.
C) Convince the patient’s family to agree to the intubation.
D) Ignore the advance directive because it’s an emergency situation.
B) Remind the healthcare team of the patient’s advance directive and advocate for alternative care options that align with the patient’s wishes.
58
A terminally ill patient expresses a desire for hospice care, but their family insists on pursuing aggressive treatments. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Side with the family and encourage aggressive treatment.
B) Respect the patient’s wishes and work with the healthcare team to arrange for hospice care, while supporting the family in understanding the patient’s decision.
C) Ignore the patient’s wishes and focus on the family’s desires.
D) Advise the patient to reconsider their decision.
B) Respect the patient’s wishes and work with the healthcare team to arrange for hospice care, while supporting the family in understanding the patient’s decision.
59
A patient becomes very dependent on you as their advocate, frequently contacting you outside of working hours. To maintain professional boundaries, you should:
A) Allow the patient to contact you at any time to build trust.
B) Set clear boundaries regarding contact outside of working hours and provide alternative resources for the patient when you are not available.
C) Stop responding to the patient entirely to prevent further contact.
D) Encourage the patient to contact you even more frequently.
B) Set clear boundaries regarding contact outside of working hours and provide alternative resources for the patient when you are not available.
60
You find yourself emotionally drained after working on a particularly challenging case. The most appropriate self-care action is to:
A) Ignore your feelings and take on more cases to distract yourself.
B) Acknowledge your feelings, take a break if possible, and seek support from colleagues or a supervisor to process the experience.
C) Quit your job to avoid further emotional stress.
D) Continue working without addressing the emotional impact.
B) Acknowledge your feelings, take a break if possible, and seek support from colleagues or a supervisor to process the experience.
61
You are advocating for a patient who is making decisions that you believe could lead to serious harm, despite understanding the risks. How should you proceed?
A) Override the patient’s decision to prevent harm.
B) Respect the patient’s autonomy and continue to support their decision, while documenting the situation thoroughly.
C) Persuade the healthcare team to intervene against the patient’s wishes.
D) Step back from the case as you cannot support a decision that may cause harm.
B) Respect the patient’s autonomy and continue to support their decision, while documenting the situation thoroughly.
62
A patient in a vulnerable population (e.g., elderly, low-income, limited health literacy) refuses a recommended treatment due to financial concerns. What is the most ethically appropriate action for you as a patient advocate?
A) Respect the patient’s refusal and do not discuss it further.
B) Inform the healthcare team so they can find alternative treatments or financial resources.
C) Persuade the patient to take on financial debt to afford the treatment.
D) Arrange for the treatment to be provided without the patient’s consent.
B) Inform the healthcare team so they can find alternative treatments or financial resources.
63
During a care conference, a patient’s healthcare provider dismisses the patient’s concerns as irrelevant and continues with the treatment plan. The patient looks to you, the advocate, for support. What is your best course of action?
A) Quietly support the healthcare provider to maintain a good relationship.
B) Politely intervene, ensuring that the patient’s concerns are addressed and discussed as part of the treatment plan.
C) Tell the patient to bring up their concerns at the next appointment.
D) Allow the conversation to continue, but address the concerns privately with the patient later.
B) Politely intervene, ensuring that the patient’s concerns are addressed and discussed as part of the treatment plan.
64
A patient communicates their preference for end-of-life care in vague terms, such as wanting to "live naturally" and "die with dignity." How should you, as a patient advocate, proceed?
A) Interpret the patient’s wishes as you see fit and communicate them to the healthcare team.
B) Explore the patient’s values and clarify their specific preferences for care and treatment to ensure their wishes are accurately documented.
C) Inform the healthcare team that the patient’s wishes are too vague to act upon.
D) Wait until the patient’s condition deteriorates before addressing their wishes in more detail.
B) Explore the patient’s values and clarify their specific preferences for care and treatment to ensure their wishes are accurately documented.
65
A patient is eligible for a clinical trial that could potentially benefit them, but the trial is in another state, requiring significant travel and time away from home. The patient is unsure whether to participate. What is the best way for you, as a patient advocate, to support this patient?
A) Encourage the patient to participate regardless of the challenges, as the trial may be beneficial.
B) Help the patient weigh the potential benefits against the logistical and emotional costs, providing information on local support resources that might help with travel.
C) Advise the patient against participating due to the inconvenience.
D) Leave the decision entirely to the patient without offering any guidance.
B) Help the patient weigh the potential benefits against the logistical and emotional costs, providing information on local support resources that might help with travel.
66
A patient’s insurance company denies coverage for a necessary treatment, stating that it is "experimental." The patient is distraught and unsure of how to proceed. As a patient advocate, your most effective action is to:
A) Advise the patient to give up on the treatment and seek alternatives.
B) Assist the patient in appealing the insurance company’s decision by gathering relevant medical evidence and supporting documentation.
C) Contact the insurance company yourself to demand they change their decision.
D) Ignore the situation and focus on the patient’s current care plan.
B) Assist the patient in appealing the insurance company’s decision by gathering relevant medical evidence and supporting documentation.
67
A patient confides in you about mistreatment by a healthcare provider but asks you not to report it. What is the most appropriate course of action as a patient advocate?
A) Respect the patient’s wishes and do not report the mistreatment.
B) Explain to the patient the importance of reporting the mistreatment and encourage them to allow you to take appropriate action, while also discussing alternative ways to ensure their safety.
C) Report the mistreatment immediately without the patient’s consent.
D) Wait until the patient gives explicit permission to report the incident.
B) Explain to the patient the importance of reporting the mistreatment and encourage them to allow you to take appropriate action, while also discussing alternative ways to ensure their safety.
68
A patient requests access to their complete medical record, but the healthcare provider is reluctant to release certain parts, citing concerns about the patient’s emotional response. As a patient advocate, your best response is to:
A) Side with the healthcare provider and support withholding the records.
B) Advocate for the patient’s right to access their entire medical record while addressing the provider’s concerns by discussing ways to support the patient emotionally upon release.
C) Tell the patient that they cannot access the full record.
D) Release only the parts of the record that the provider agrees to share.
B) Advocate for the patient’s right to access their entire medical record while addressing the provider’s concerns by discussing ways to support the patient emotionally upon release.
69
A patient from a minority cultural background feels that their healthcare provider does not understand their cultural needs, leading to mistrust. What is the best way for you, as a patient advocate, to address this situation?
A) Tell the patient to ignore their cultural concerns and focus on the medical treatment.
B) Facilitate a culturally sensitive dialogue between the patient and provider, helping to bridge the cultural gap and improve trust.
C) Suggest that the patient switch providers immediately.
D) Reassure the patient that cultural differences should not affect their care.
B) Facilitate a culturally sensitive dialogue between the patient and provider, helping to bridge the cultural gap and improve trust.
70
A healthcare team is planning to implement a treatment plan that conflicts with a patient’s religious beliefs. The patient is distressed, but the team believes it is the best course of action. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Convince the patient to compromise on their religious beliefs for the sake of their health.
B) Advocate for a treatment plan that respects the patient’s religious beliefs while still addressing their medical needs.
C) Side with the healthcare team and pressure the patient to accept the plan.
D) Advise the patient to find another healthcare provider who respects their beliefs.
B) Advocate for a treatment plan that respects the patient’s religious beliefs while still addressing their medical needs.
71
A patient wants to leave the hospital against medical advice, but the healthcare team is concerned about the risks. How should you, as a patient advocate, handle this situation?
A) Support the healthcare team in preventing the patient from leaving.
B) Respect the patient’s decision to leave, ensure they are informed of the risks, and discuss a plan for follow-up care if they decide to leave.
C) Ignore the patient’s request and focus on the healthcare team’s concerns.
D) Try to convince the patient to stay in the hospital no matter what.
B) Respect the patient’s decision to leave, ensure they are informed of the risks, and discuss a plan for follow-up care if they decide to leave.
72
A patient’s family members request information about the patient’s condition, but the patient has explicitly stated that they do not want their family informed. As a patient advocate, your appropriate action is to:
A) Share the information with the family to keep them informed.
B) Respect the patient’s wishes and withhold the information from the family, explaining the patient’s privacy rights to them.
C) Encourage the patient to reconsider their decision.
D) Share only the most critical information with the family without the patient’s consent.
B) Respect the patient’s wishes and withhold the information from the family, explaining the patient’s privacy rights to them.
73
A patient with terminal cancer has chosen to forgo further aggressive treatment, but their family is pressuring them to continue. The patient expresses a desire to avoid conflict and is considering the treatment to appease their family, despite their own wishes. As a patient advocate, how should you proceed?
A) Encourage the patient to follow the family's wishes to maintain family harmony.
B) Support the patient in expressing their true wishes to the family, while helping the family understand the patient’s perspective on quality of life.
C) Suggest the patient compromise by trying one more round of treatment.
D) Avoid getting involved in family dynamics and focus solely on the medical aspects.
B) Support the patient in expressing their true wishes to the family, while helping the family understand the patient’s perspective on quality of life.
74
You are advocating for a patient who has a history of non-compliance with treatment plans. The healthcare team believes that the patient’s current decisions are once again non-compliant, but the patient insists that they are making informed choices based on their values. How should you, as the patient advocate, handle this situation?
A) Side with the healthcare team to ensure the patient adheres to the recommended treatment.
B) Respect the patient’s autonomy, validate their choices, and work to ensure the healthcare team recognizes and respects the patient’s informed decisions.
C) Persuade the patient to follow the treatment plan strictly to avoid further complications.
D) Suggest that the patient reconsider their choices to align more with the healthcare team’s recommendations.
B) Respect the patient’s autonomy, validate their choices, and work to ensure the healthcare team recognizes and respects the patient’s informed decisions.
75
A patient with limited English proficiency has agreed to a complex surgical procedure. Later, the patient’s family expresses concerns that the patient did not fully understand the risks due to language barriers. As a patient advocate, your response should be to:
A) Assume that the patient understood since they signed the consent form.
B) Request a meeting with a professional medical interpreter to re-explain the procedure and its risks to the patient, ensuring full comprehension.
C) Reassure the family that the consent process is standard and the patient likely understood.
D) Advise the patient to proceed with the surgery without revisiting the consent process.
B) Request a meeting with a professional medical interpreter to re-explain the procedure and its risks to the patient, ensuring full comprehension.
76
During a care planning meeting, a patient expresses a strong preference for a treatment option that the healthcare team feels is suboptimal. The healthcare team dismisses the patient’s choice without discussing it in detail. As a patient advocate, your best course of action is to:
A) Support the healthcare team’s decision without question to maintain the patient-provider relationship.
B) Intervene to ensure that the patient’s preferred treatment option is fully discussed, exploring why it may or may not be viable, and ensuring the patient feels heard.
C) Tell the patient privately that their choice was not realistic and to accept the team’s decision.
D) Suggest the patient switch healthcare providers to find one who will agree with their preferences.
B) Intervene to ensure that the patient’s preferred treatment option is fully discussed, exploring why it may or may not be viable, and ensuring the patient feels heard.
77
A patient with a rare condition needs access to a specialist who is out of network, but their insurance will only cover in-network providers. The patient cannot afford out-of-pocket costs and is distressed. As a patient advocate, your most effective action would be to:
A) Advise the patient to stay within the network and accept the care available.
B) Assist the patient in appealing the insurance decision, providing documentation of the need for specialized care and seeking potential exceptions or alternative funding sources.
C) Suggest the patient seek care in another country where costs may be lower.
D) Encourage the patient to go without the specialist care and focus on other treatment options.
B) Assist the patient in appealing the insurance decision, providing documentation of the need for specialized care and seeking potential exceptions or alternative funding sources.
78
A patient has been denied coverage for a critical but expensive treatment due to a technical error in the insurance claim submission. The error is causing significant delays, and the patient’s condition is deteriorating. As a patient advocate, your best approach would be to:
A) Tell the patient to wait patiently while the insurance company resolves the issue.
B) Actively work with both the healthcare provider and the insurance company to correct the error, expedite the claim, and ensure that the patient receives the necessary treatment as quickly as possible.
C) Advise the patient to seek alternative, less costly treatment options.
D) Leave the matter in the hands of the healthcare provider and focus on other patient needs.
B) Actively work with both the healthcare provider and the insurance company to correct the error, expedite the claim, and ensure that the patient receives the necessary treatment as quickly as possible.
79
A patient is enrolled in a clinical trial and later discovers that some risks were not fully disclosed during the consent process. The patient now wants to withdraw from the trial but is concerned about losing access to potentially life-saving treatment. As a patient advocate, your best course of action is to:
A) Advise the patient to stay in the trial despite the undisclosed risks.
B) Support the patient in withdrawing from the trial if they wish, while helping them explore alternative treatment options and reporting the issue to the appropriate regulatory bodies.
C) Suggest the patient ignore the undisclosed risks to continue receiving the treatment.
D) Downplay the importance of the risks and encourage the patient to stay in the trial.
B) Support the patient in withdrawing from the trial if they wish, while helping them explore alternative treatment options and reporting the issue to the appropriate regulatory bodies.
80
You are working with a patient who is part of a marginalized community and has experienced discrimination in healthcare settings before. They are now facing a complex medical issue but are reluctant to seek care due to fear of further discrimination. As a patient advocate, you should:
A) Encourage the patient to seek care without addressing their fears.
B) Acknowledge the patient’s fears, work with them to find a healthcare provider who is known for cultural competence and inclusivity, and offer to accompany them to appointments if that would help them feel more secure.
C) Dismiss the patient’s concerns as unfounded and advise them to trust the healthcare system.
D) Suggest the patient avoid seeking care altogether to avoid potential discrimination.
B) Acknowledge the patient’s fears, work with them to find a healthcare provider who is known for cultural competence and inclusivity, and offer to accompany them to appointments if that would help them feel more secure.
81
A patient from a different cultural background believes in traditional healing practices that the healthcare team dismisses as unscientific. The patient insists on integrating these practices into their treatment plan. As a patient advocate, how should you handle this?
A) Convince the patient to abandon their traditional practices in favor of evidence-based medicine.
B) Respect the patient’s beliefs and work with the healthcare team to integrate the patient’s traditional practices with their medical treatment plan, as long as they do not pose harm.
C) Inform the patient that traditional practices are not allowed in the hospital.
D) Ignore the patient’s request and support the healthcare team’s plan without modification.
B) Respect the patient’s beliefs and work with the healthcare team to integrate the patient’s traditional practices with their medical treatment plan, as long as they do not pose harm.
82
A patient’s cultural beliefs include a prohibition against certain medical interventions, such as blood transfusions. The patient is in a situation where the healthcare team believes a transfusion is necessary to save their life. As a patient advocate, your response should be to:
A) Convince the patient to accept the transfusion despite their beliefs.
B) Advocate for alternative treatments that align with the patient’s cultural beliefs, while ensuring the patient fully understands the potential risks and outcomes.
C) Allow the healthcare team to proceed with the transfusion regardless of the patient’s wishes.
D) Remove yourself from the case due to the ethical dilemma.
B) Advocate for alternative treatments that align with the patient’s cultural beliefs, while ensuring the patient fully understands the potential risks and outcomes.
83
Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which of the following is protected as "Protected Health Information" (PHI)?
A) A patient’s name and date of birth
B) A patient’s financial records unrelated to healthcare
C) A patient’s employment history
D) Publicly available information about a patient’s criminal record
A) A patient’s name and date of birth
84
Which of the following is required by law when a patient is asked to participate in a clinical trial?
A) The patient must be offered financial compensation.
B) The patient must provide informed consent after receiving a full explanation of the trial, including risks and benefits.
C) The patient must sign a contract agreeing to complete the trial.
D) The patient must undergo a psychological evaluation before participating.
B) The patient must provide informed consent after receiving a full explanation of the trial, including risks and benefits.
85
What does the term "deductible" refer to in health insurance?
A) The amount a patient pays each month for their health insurance coverage
B) The amount a patient must pay out-of-pocket before insurance starts to cover healthcare costs
C) The total amount of money a patient can claim for healthcare expenses in a year
D) The percentage of each medical bill that a patient must pay after the insurance has paid its share
B) The amount a patient must pay out-of-pocket before insurance starts to cover healthcare costs
86
Which of the following is typically covered under Medicare Part A?
A) Outpatient doctor visits
B) Prescription drugs
C) Inpatient hospital care
D) Dental services
C) Inpatient hospital care
87
Which of the following documents allows a patient to appoint someone to make healthcare decisions on their behalf if they become incapacitated?
A) Living will
B) Durable power of attorney for healthcare
C) Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order
D) Health insurance policy
B) Durable power of attorney for healthcare
88
What is the primary purpose of an advance directive?
A) To ensure that the healthcare provider makes all decisions in the patient’s best interest
B) To outline the specific medical treatments a patient does or does not want in the event they are unable to communicate
C) To determine the distribution of a patient’s assets after death
D) To specify who will manage the patient’s financial affairs
B) To outline the specific medical treatments a patient does or does not want in the event they are unable to communicate
89
Which of the following is considered a key component of informed consent?
A) The patient is informed of the potential risks and benefits of a procedure.
B) The patient is told to sign a consent form without any explanation.
C) The patient must agree to the procedure immediately after it is recommended.
D) The patient is required to have a witness present during the consent process.
A) The patient is informed of the potential risks and benefits of a procedure.
90
In which situation is implied consent typically assumed?
A) A patient explicitly refuses a procedure, but the healthcare provider proceeds anyway.
B) A patient signs a detailed consent form after a thorough explanation.
C) A patient is unconscious and requires emergency treatment, with no family available to give consent.
D) A patient undergoes a minor procedure after verbal discussion with their provider.
C) A patient is unconscious and requires emergency treatment, with no family available to give consent.
91
Which of the following best describes the role of a patient advocate?
A) To diagnose and treat the patient’s medical conditions
B) To provide legal representation for patients in court
C) To support and empower patients in navigating the healthcare system and making informed decisions
D) To act as a financial advisor for patients
C) To support and empower patients in navigating the healthcare system and making informed decisions
92
Which of the following actions by a patient advocate could potentially violate patient confidentiality?
A) Discussing a patient’s treatment with the healthcare team directly involved in the patient’s care
B) Sharing a patient’s medical information with a family member without the patient’s explicit consent
C) Helping a patient understand their health insurance benefits
D) Assisting a patient in filling out an advance directive form
B) Sharing a patient’s medical information with a family member without the patient’s explicit consent
93
Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with chronic pain?
A) Hypertension
B) Fibromyalgia
C) Asthma
D) Seasonal allergies
B) Fibromyalgia
94
Which of the following is a common symptom of Alzheimer’s disease?
A) Persistent cough
B) Short-term memory loss
C) Skin rash
D) High blood pressure
B) Short-term memory loss
95
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which of the following is required of employers regarding reasonable accommodations?
A) Employers must provide any accommodation requested by an employee, regardless of cost.
B) Employers must provide reasonable accommodations that do not cause undue hardship to the operation of the business.
C) Employers can deny any accommodation if it requires any financial expenditure.
D) Employers are only required to provide accommodations if the employee has a physical disability.
B) Employers must provide reasonable accommodations that do not cause undue hardship to the operation of the business.
96
Which of the following scenarios would not be considered a violation of the ADA?
A) A business refuses to hire a qualified candidate solely because they have a disability.
B) A public building is constructed without wheelchair-accessible entrances.
C) An employer asks an applicant if they have a disability during a job interview.
D) An employer requires that all employees, including those with disabilities, meet a basic performance standard for their job.
D) An employer requires that all employees, including those with disabilities, meet a basic performance standard for their job.
97
Under the Fair Housing Act, which of the following is true regarding housing for individuals with disabilities?
A) Landlords can refuse to rent to individuals with disabilities if they believe it will increase maintenance costs.
B) Landlords must make reasonable modifications to existing premises at the tenant's expense if necessary for the tenant to fully enjoy the premises.
C) Landlords are only required to make accommodations for physical disabilities, not mental or emotional disabilities.
D) Housing providers can charge higher security deposits to tenants with disabilities.
B) Landlords must make reasonable modifications to existing premises at the tenant's expense if necessary for the tenant to fully enjoy the premises.
98
Which of the following actions by a landlord would violate the Fair Housing Act?
A) Refusing to allow a tenant with a disability to make reasonable modifications to their apartment at the tenant’s expense.
B) Asking a tenant to provide proof of disability to receive a reasonable accommodation.
C) Offering a first-floor apartment to a tenant with mobility issues.
D) Allowing a tenant to install a wheelchair ramp at their own cost.
A) Refusing to allow a tenant with a disability to make reasonable modifications to their apartment at the tenant’s expense.
99
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination based on disability in which of the following areas?
A) Private clubs and religious organizations
B) Programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance
C) All private businesses regardless of federal funding
D) Housing developments funded solely by private investors
B) Programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance
100
Which of the following is not required under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act for a federally funded program?
A) Providing auxiliary aids for individuals with hearing impairments
B) Making new construction projects fully accessible to individuals with disabilities
C) Retrofitting all existing facilities to meet accessibility standards, regardless of cost
D) Providing reasonable modifications to policies to accommodate individuals with disabilities
C) Retrofitting all existing facilities to meet accessibility standards, regardless of cost
101
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that public schools provide which of the following for eligible students with disabilities?
A) Free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment
B) Home-schooling options for all students with disabilities
C) Private school education paid for by the public school district
D) Standardized education with no modifications, regardless of the student's disability
A) Free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment
102
Under IDEA, what is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
A) A plan that outlines specific educational goals and services for a student with disabilities
B) A generic curriculum used for all students with disabilities
C) A temporary plan used only for students with temporary disabilities
D) A financial assistance program for families of students with disabilities
A) A plan that outlines specific educational goals and services for a student with disabilities
103
Which of the following is a key difference between Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI)?
A) SSDI is need-based, while SSI is based on the individual’s work history and contributions to Social Security.
B) SSDI provides benefits to individuals who have worked and paid into Social Security, while SSI is a need-based program for individuals with limited income and resources.
C) SSI provides benefits to all individuals with disabilities, regardless of income, while SSDI is only for those who meet certain financial criteria.
D) SSDI benefits are available only to individuals over the age of 65, while SSI is for individuals of any age.
B) SSDI provides benefits to individuals who have worked and paid into Social Security, while SSI is a need-based program for individuals with limited income and resources.
104
Which of the following would likely make an individual eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)?
A) A temporary illness that prevents them from working for a few weeks
B) A permanent disability that prevents them from performing any substantial gainful activity and a work history that meets Social Security's requirements
C) A disability that does not interfere with their ability to work
D) Being over the age of 65 with no work history
B) A permanent disability that prevents them from performing any substantial gainful activity and a work history that meets Social Security's requirements
105
Which of the following services is generally not covered by Medicare Part A?
A) Inpatient hospital care
B) Skilled nursing facility care
C) Hospice care
D) Routine dental care
D) Routine dental care
106
Medicare Part B typically covers which of the following services?
A) Prescription drugs
B) Inpatient hospital stays
C) Outpatient medical services, such as doctor visits and preventive care
D) Long-term custodial care
C) Outpatient medical services, such as doctor visits and preventive care
107
Which of the following is a key feature of Medicare Advantage (Part C) plans?
A) They are provided by the federal government directly.
B) They combine Part A and Part B benefits, often including additional services such as vision, hearing, and dental.
C) They replace Medicare Part D coverage entirely.
D) They are only available to individuals with a specific type of disability.
B) They combine Part A and Part B benefits, often including additional services such as vision, hearing, and dental.
108
Which of the following statements about Medicare Part D is true?
A) Medicare Part D covers hospital care.
B) Medicare Part D provides coverage for prescription drugs.
C) Medicare Part D is automatically included in all Medicare Advantage plans.
D) Medicare Part D has no monthly premium.
B) Medicare Part D provides coverage for prescription drugs.
109
Which of the following individuals would most likely qualify for Medicaid?
A) A 30-year-old individual with no children, earning well above the federal poverty level
B) A 25-year-old pregnant woman with low income
C) A 45-year-old individual with a high income who is unemployed
D) A 70-year-old individual with a significant retirement savings
B) A 25-year-old pregnant woman with low income
110
Medicaid is jointly funded by:
A) The federal government and private insurance companies
B) State governments and private foundations
C) The federal government and state governments
D) The federal government and Medicare
C) The federal government and state governments
111
An individual who is eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid is referred to as a "dual eligible." Which of the following statements is true regarding dual eligibility?
A) Dual-eligible individuals typically only receive benefits from Medicare.
B) Medicaid may cover costs that Medicare does not, such as long-term care services and out-of-pocket expenses.
C) Dual-eligible individuals must choose between Medicare and Medicaid for their primary coverage.
D) Dual-eligible individuals are automatically enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans.
B) Medicaid may cover costs that Medicare does not, such as long-term care services and out-of-pocket expenses.
112
What is the Medicare "donut hole" in Medicare Part D coverage?
A) A period during which the beneficiary pays higher out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs until reaching the catastrophic coverage threshold
B) A gap in Medicare Part B coverage for outpatient services
C) A temporary loss of Medicare coverage due to premium non-payment
D) A period when a beneficiary must switch from Medicare to Medicaid
A) A period during which the beneficiary pays higher out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs until reaching the catastrophic coverage threshold
113
What is the consequence of not enrolling in Medicare Part B when first eligible, if no other credible coverage is in place?
A) No consequence, as enrollment in Part B is entirely optional
B) A late enrollment penalty that increases the premium for Part B for as long as the individual has Part B
C) Loss of eligibility for Medicare Advantage plans
D) Inability to enroll in Part B at a later date
B) A late enrollment penalty that increases the premium for Part B for as long as the individual has Part B
114
Which of the following is true regarding the Medicare Initial Enrollment Period (IEP)?
A) It only applies to individuals enrolling in Medicare Part D.
B) It occurs when an individual turns 65 and lasts for seven months, starting three months before and ending three months after their 65th birthday.
C) It is the only time an individual can enroll in Medicare without penalty.
D) It is automatically extended for individuals who are still working and have employer coverage.
B) It occurs when an individual turns 65 and lasts for seven months, starting three months before and ending three months after their 65th birthday.
115
Which of the following was a significant change introduced by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) regarding Medicaid?
A) It required all states to expand Medicaid eligibility to include all individuals below 138% of the federal poverty level.
B) It allowed states to expand Medicaid eligibility to include more low-income adults, with the federal government covering a significant portion of the costs.
C) It reduced the overall funding for Medicaid programs nationwide.
D) It eliminated Medicaid altogether, replacing it with Medicare for all.
B) It allowed states to expand Medicaid eligibility to include more low-income adults, with the federal government covering a significant portion of the costs.
116
Which of the following individuals would most likely not be eligible for Medicaid, assuming they live in a state that has not expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act?
A) A low-income parent of a dependent child
B) A pregnant woman with low income
C) A low-income childless adult who is not disabled
D) A disabled individual receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
C) A low-income childless adult who is not disabled
