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UVM Etymology CLAS022 > Additional > Flashcards

Additional Flashcards

1
Q

ablaut

A

a change in vowel in a verb conjugation

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2
Q

elide

A

omit a vowel when combining words or roots

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3
Q

Old English

A

500-1066 CE

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4
Q

Middle English

A

1066-1500

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5
Q

Early Modern English

A

1500-1800

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6
Q

Modern English

A

1800-present

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7
Q

1066

A

Norman Conquest - England under French rule

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8
Q

1362

A

Statue of Pleading - Made English official

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9
Q

etymon

A

the ancestor of a word

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10
Q

cognate

A

two words that share an ancestor

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11
Q

Mycenean Greece

A

1700-1100 BCE

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12
Q

Decipherers of Linear B

A

Michael Ventris and Alice Kober

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13
Q

Linear B

A

a writing system used in later Mycenean Greece

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14
Q

Linear A

A

the precursor of Linear B

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15
Q

Linear B usage

A

mostly administrative, used for palace affairs

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16
Q

phoneme

A

the smallest unit of sound capable of carrying meaning

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17
Q

allophone

A

differences in the pronunciation of phonemes - “p” in “pit” vs “tip”

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18
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest carrier of meaning

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19
Q

Grimm’s Law

A

describes a series of consonant shifts that distinguish Germanic languages

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20
Q

Voiceless stops became -

A

Voiceless fricatives

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21
Q

Voiced stops became -

A

voiceless stops

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22
Q

Voiced aspirated stops became -

A

voiced stops

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23
Q

conjugate

A

give a verb the appropriate inflection

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24
Q

tense

A

refers to the time when an action or state happens

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25
Q

indicative mood

A

used to state things

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26
Q

subjunctive mood

A

used to refer to things that are removed from reality

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27
Q

imperative mood

A

used to give orders

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28
Q

infinitive form

A

the base form of a verb, can be used with or without “to”

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29
Q

participle

A

verb form that is used as an adjective

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30
Q

strong conjugation

A

verb vowels change (ablaut)

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31
Q

weak conjugation

A

verb endings change

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32
Q

metathesis

A

when two sounds or syllables in a word switch places

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33
Q

Descriptive dictionary

A

A dictionary that aims to describe how words are used

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34
Q

Prescriptive dictionary

A

A dictionary that sets guidelines for how words should be used

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35
Q

Orthographic words

A

A series of letters bounded by spaces

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36
Q

Phonetic word

A

A sequence of sounds

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37
Q

Lexeme (1)

A

Any meaningful speech form in the vocabulary of a language

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38
Q

Lexeme (2)

A

The group of inflections of one word

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39
Q

Lemma

A

The word that a lexeme (2) is listed under in a dictionary

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40
Q

Homonyms

A

Two lexemes with the same pronunciation and spelling

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41
Q

Homographs

A

Two lexemes with the same spelling but different pronunciations

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42
Q

Homophones

A

Two lexemes with different spellings but the same pronunciation

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43
Q

Compound

A

A lexeme made of two words, can be open (with a space between the lexemes) or closed (no space between lexemes)

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44
Q

Phrasal lexemes

A

Multi-word lexemes which have a meaning that is not derivable from the independent meanings of their components

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45
Q

Denotation

A

What a word refers to, the defenition

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46
Q

Connotation

A

The associations of a word

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47
Q

Hypernym

A

A word that refers to a set of other words

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48
Q

Hyponym

A

A word with a more specific meaning than another general term also applied to it

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49
Q

Meronym

A

A word that refers to a part of another thing

50
Q

Polysemy

A

When a word has multiple meanings

51
Q

Tupi

A

A Native American language, usually adopted into Portuguese then English

52
Q

cashew

A

adopted from Tupi

53
Q

piranha

A

adopted from Tupi

54
Q

tanager

A

adopted from Tupi

55
Q

toucan

A

adopted from Tupi, went through Portuguese then French

56
Q

jaguar

A

adopted from Tupi, went through Spanish or Portuguese

57
Q

adopted from Tupi

A

cashew

58
Q

adopted from Tupi

A

piranha

59
Q

adopted from Tupi

A

tanager

60
Q

adopted from Tupi, went through Portuguese then French

A

toucan

61
Q

adopted from Tupi, went through Spanish or Portuguese

A

jaguar

62
Q

Quecha

A

language of the Inca (modern Peru), usually adopted through Spanish

63
Q

condor

A

adopted from Quecha

64
Q

llama

A

adopted from Quecha

65
Q

quinoa

A

adopted from Quecha

66
Q

lagniappe

A

adopted from Quecha, went through Spanish then Louisiana French

67
Q

quipu

A

adopted from Quecha

68
Q

adopted from Quecha

A

condor

69
Q

adopted from Quecha

A

llama

70
Q

adopted from Quecha

A

quinoa

71
Q

adopted from Quecha, went through Spanish then Louisiana French

A

lagniappe

72
Q

adopted from Quecha

A

quipu

73
Q

Nahuatl

A

a language of southern Mexico and Central America, usually adopted through Spanish

74
Q

avocado

A

adopted from Nahuatl

75
Q

cacao

A

adopted from Nahuatl

76
Q

chocolate

A

adopted from Nahuatl

77
Q

guacamole

A

adopted from Nahuatl

78
Q

tomato

A

adopted from Nahuatl

79
Q

Algonquian

A

a language family of North America, usually adopted directly into English

80
Q

chipmunk

A

adopted from Algonquian

81
Q

Michigan

A

adopted from Algonquian

82
Q

Mississippi

A

adopted from Algonquian

83
Q

racoon

A

adopted from Algonquian

84
Q

skunk

A

adopted from Algonquian

85
Q

adopted from Algonquian

A

chipmunk

86
Q

adopted from Algonquian

A

Michigan

87
Q

adopted from Algonquian

A

Mississippi

88
Q

adopted from Algonquian

A

racoon

89
Q

adopted from Algonquian

A

skunk

90
Q

defining vocabulary

A

the list of words that can be used for definitions in a dictionary

91
Q

substitutability

A

the definition is a phrase that can be substituted for the word itself without loss or gain of meaning

92
Q

synonymous cross-reference

A

when the dictionary lists a synonym rather than or in addition to a definition

93
Q

genus + differentiae

A

take a hypernym of the headword to be defined, then add the specific qualities that make for that headword

94
Q

meronymy

A

Definitions which begin, “the part of ____ which …”

95
Q

Pinyin

A

The system for writing Chinese characters in English

96
Q

bok choy

A

adopted from Cantonese

97
Q

kumquat

A

adopted from Cantonese

98
Q

lo mein

A

adopted from Cantonese

99
Q

ginseng

A

adopted from Pekingese

100
Q

ramen

A

adopted from Pekingese via Japanese

101
Q

tangram

A

adopted from Pekingese and Greek

102
Q

Hindi

A

one of the official languages of India, heavily influenced by Sanskrit

103
Q

bandanna

A

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

104
Q

cheetah

A

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

105
Q

cot

A

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

106
Q

juggernaut

A

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

107
Q

loot

A

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

108
Q

adopted from Cantonese

A

bok choy

109
Q

adopted from Cantonese

A

kumquat

110
Q

adopted from Cantonese

A

lo mein

111
Q

adopted from Pekingese

A

ginseng

112
Q

adopted from Pekingese via Japanese

A

ramen

113
Q

adopted from Pekingese and Greek

A

tangram

114
Q

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

A

bandanna

115
Q

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

A

cheetah

116
Q

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

A

cot

117
Q

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

A

juggernaut

118
Q

adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit

A

loot

119
Q

reduplication

A

The repetition of a word-element within the same word

120
Q

spoonerism

A

methathesis between words

UVM Etymology CLAS022 (33 decks)

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