ADDICTION - MODIFYING BEHAVIOUR - AGONIST & ANTAGONIST SUBSTITUTION Flashcards
What is the concept of agonist & antagonist substitution?
It is a method which acts upon specific biological processes to either mimic or block the effects of particular substances in the brain.
What is an agonist?
An agonist is a chemical which binds to the postsynaptic receptor and activates that receptor to produce a response
- mimics other chemicals causing a reaction that produces pleasure
What is an antagonist?
An antagonist binds to a receptor but rather than causing a reaction, it blocks the usual function of a particular substance
- blocks other chemical from causing pleasurable reaction
What is an example of an agonist used in the treatment of addiction?
Methadone
- this is used to treat addiction to opioid drugs like heroin and is produced synthetically to mimic some of the effects of heroin
In which part of the addiction treatment is methadone used?
Methadone is used as part of the maintenance treatment
What is the aim of using methadone an a substitute?
The aim is that by giving heroin uses methadone as a substitute, it will reduce cravings and prevent withdrawal symptoms
What is the effect of methadone?
It has some of the same effects as heroin but it does not give people the same ‘high’
How does the dosage of methadone change over time?
The dosage of methadone should be reduced over time (detoxification) until the individual stops using it completely (abstinence)
What is an example of an antagonist used in the treatment of addiction?
Naltrexone
In which part of the addiction treatment is naltrexone used?
Naltrexone is primarily used in the abstinence stage of recovery from an addiction
- it should be used by people who have stopped using opioids and after withdrawal from the drugs has occurred. The individuals should have demonstrated that they are highly motivated to stay free from drugs
What is the effect of Naltrexone?
It blocks euphoric and pleasurable effects associated with opioids and makes them less rewarding
