addiction key terms Flashcards
addiction
taking a substance or engaging in a behaviour that is pleasurable but becomes compulsive with harmful consequences
physical dependency
an addict needs to engage in the behaviours to feel biologically ‘normal’, without the will experience withdrawal symptoms such as shaking or vomiting
psychological dependence
addict needs to engage in behaviour to feel psychologically ‘normal’, without cannot cope with everyday life. leads to psychological withdrawal such as anxiety
tolerance
brain adapts to maintain homeostasis, more drug is needed to get same response
withdrawal syndrome
a collection of withdrawal symptoms
initiation
starting of addiction
maintenance
continuing addiction
relapse
quitting and going back
homeostasis
maintaining a constant environment for body to work most effectively at
genetic vulnerability
born predisposition for behaviour due to genetics e.g. less active dopamine receptors (D2)
D2 receptors
receptor in brain for dopamine linked movement, attention, sleep, memory, learning
dopamine
mood neurotransmitter, high levels linked to mild euphoric feeling
self medication model
addiction used to help cope with stressful experience
anti social personality disorder
personality linked with addiction, characterised by impulsive attitudes and engaging in rule breaking activity
social identity theory
you identify with people who have similar qualities to your own - ingroup and outgroup
nicotine
addictive substance in cigarettes
down regulation
receptors int he brain are activated by a substance and can no longer be triggered
nicotine acetylcholine receptor
receptors in brain triggered by nicotine
upregulated
receptors in brain are empty and sensitive the effects of the neurotransmitter can cause withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety and agitation
nucleus accumbens
reward system in brain that is activated by downregulation leading to release of dopamine
vicarious reinforcement
learning through the reinforcement of others
partial reinforcement
behaviour is only reinforced some of the time
variable reinforcement
type of partial reinforcement, the behaviour is reinforced unpredictably
extinction
the behavour (addiction) has stopped
expectancy theory
believing in short term benefits of behaviour outweigh the long term cons
cognitive bias
distortions in the way we think resulting in irrational judgements and poor decision making
gamblers fallacy
belief that random events are are influenced by recent events
self efficiancy
belief about control you have over your own behaviour
agonist drugs
NRT - bind to receptor sites to give similar response to the drug itself
antagonist drugs
naltrexone - blocks the usual response that the addiction that would give so addict doesn’t get satisfaction
aversion therapy
counter conditions by getting addict to associate their addiction with negative consequences
covert sensitisation
imagining negative consequences
CBT
challenges cognitive distortions with evidence and provides personalised skills training to help cope in real world situations
theory of planned behaviour
three key factors motivate your intentions to change and intentions lead to behaviour change, personal attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural change
