Addiction and Drug use Flashcards
What is the definition of an addiction
Continuous involvement with substances and activity despite the negative consequences
What is the difference between a HABIT and an ADDICTION
Addiction is a habit that is compulsive
What is a process addiction
Behaviours that are addictive due to mood alteration
List the 9 substances that are under the DMS-5 substance abuse
Alcohol
Caffeine
Cannabis (e.g., marijuana)
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Opioid (e.g., heroin)
Sedatives, Hypnotics, or Anxiolytics (e.g., diazepam)
Stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine)
Tobacco
What is the definition of sensitization
Increase in response of a drug with repeated use at the same dose
what is the definition of Compulsion
repetitive and persistent habitual acts that are inappropriate to a given situation and frequently lead to adverse consequences.
What is/are the key characteristic trait(s) to becoming an addict
Impulsivity
What are the 2 theories of drug addiction
1> Negative reinforcement model
2> Positive reinforcement model
What is negative reinforcement model
Physical dependence m: Withdrawal
This distinguished by tolerance and physical dependence
eg: Alcohol, barbiturates and opiates
What is the Positive reinforcement model
Positive incentive/ Reward theory
Reward and reinforcement
eg: Cocaine, amphetamines Nicotine
What is the dopamine pathway associated with
Reward, Pleasure, Euphoria, Motor Function, Decision making
what is the reward pathway
An axonal network in the brain that is activated by food, water, sex, exercise and activities (sky diving)
Which NT and anatomical sites are involved in the acute reinforcing effects of drug abuse in the reward pathway
DOPAMINE: VTA, nucleus accumbens (NA)
OPIOID peptides: NA, amygdala, VTA
GABA: amygdala, bed nucleus of stria terminalis
GLUTAMINE: NA
Which NT receptors are involved in Reward pathway
DA: D1 & D2
5-HT: 5-HT3
Cannabinoids: CB1 and CB2
Opioid peptide: Kappa, Mu and delta receptors
What are the classes of Drugs of abuse
Narcotics
Hallucinogenic
Depressants
Stimulants
List Narcotic drugs of abuse
OPIATES:
>morphine
>Heroin
OPIOIDS
>oxycodone
>hydrocodone
>codeine
>Fentanyl
List the Hallucinogenic drugs of abuse
> LSD
PSILOCYBIN
MDMA
MESCALINE
PCP
MARIJUANA
List the Depressant drugs of abuse
Alcohol
Benzodiazepines
List the stimulants drugs of abuse
.>DEXEDRINE
>CAFFEINE
>METHEDRINE
>AMPHETAMINE
>COCAINE
What are the ways in which drugs of abuse work
Direct action on DA receptors or DA transporter
Indirect
> Modulate dopamine via other receptor systems and NT
>Dopamine effect occurs downstream
Example ALCOHOL
-Bind to sub receptor GABA A: Dopaminergic activity is eventually increased in the VTA by inhibiting GABAergic interneurons
What is the drugs action of
-Alcohol
-Heroin
-Cocaine
-Nicotine
on the receptors and the reward pathway
-Alcohol
>Inhibit GABAergic neurons that project to dopaminergic neurons in the VTA
-Heroin
>Binds to opioid receptors that inhibit GABAergic neurons that project to dopaminergic neurons in the VTA
-Cocaine
>Blocks the function of DAT (by binding to the DAT and slowing transport)
-Nicotine
>Activates cholinergic neurons that project to dopaminergic neurons of the VTA
What are the syndrome involved in withdrawal
> disturbance of the autonomic nervous system
activation of the thalamus
release of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)
activation of the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC)
Stress response Increase discomfort and anxiety Can lead to further consumption therefore relapse
What are is the treatment for Alcohol dependence
Naltrexone
Acamprosate
What are is the treatment for Heroin dependence
Methadone
Buprenorphine
