Addiction

Question 1

Which of the following is not necessarily a part of the cycle of pathological drug use that can lead to addiction?

a. Period of intoxication and/or bingeing on the drug
b. Periods of relatively prolonged abstinence from the drug
c. Preoccupation with drug and anticipation of use
d. Periods of withdrawal and negative affect

Answer 1

b. Periods of relatively prolonged abstinence from the drug.

Preoccupation/anticipation -> intoxication/bingeing -> withdrawal/negative affect

Question 2

Which statement about addiction ad genetics is true?

a. A large number of genes influence susceptibility to addiction
b. If drug or alcohol problems do not run in a family, other family members will not develop a problem either
c. The addiction gene has been identified
d. If both parents are alcoholics/drug addicts, their offspring will also be alcoholics/drug addicts, but if only one parent is affected, any offspring has a 50% chance of developing a problem

Answer 2

a. A large number of genes influence susceptibility to addiction

Question 3

Which of the following best represents the involvement of epigenetics in the progression to addiction?

a. Environmental stimuli -> modified gene expression -> acute drug exposure -> repeated drug exposure/addiction -> epigenetic changes
b. Environmental stimuli -> acute drug exposure -> repeated drug exposure/addiction -> modified gene expression -> epigenetic changes
c. Acute drug exposure -> environmental stimuli -> modified gene expression -> epigenetic changes -> repeated drug exposure/addiction
d. Environmental stimuli -> acute drug exposure -> epigenetic changes -> modified gene expression -> repeated drug exposure/addiction

Answer 3

d. Environmental stimuli -> acute drug exposure -> epigenetic changes -> modified gene expression -> repeated drug exposure/addiction

Question 4

What is the role of the reward circuit in the neurobiology of addiction?

a. It mediates the acute rewarding and reinforcing aspects of drugs
b. It is involved in executive functions
c. It puts the brakes on reward
d. It is involved with habitual drug use

Answer 4

a. It mediates the acute rewarding and reinforcing aspects of drugs

Question 5

For someone who is physically dependent on a substance, withdrawal can act as ___ to promote further substance use.

a. Negative punishment
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Positive punishment

Answer 5

b. Negative reinforcement

Question 6

Through classical conditioning, environmental stimuli associated with ___ can cause relapse via ___.

a. abstinence; unconditioned withdrawal
b. physical dependence; unconditioned responding and craving
c. drug use; conditioned responding and physical dependence
d. withdrawal states; conditioned withdrawal and craving

Answer 6

d. withdrawal states; conditioned withdrawal and craving