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🧠 Essays > Addiction > Flashcards

Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Name the classes of addictive drugs

A
  • Psychomimetics
  • Psychostimulants
  • Anxiolytics
  • Opiate analgesics
  • CNS depressants
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2
Q

List examples of opiate analgesics

A
  • Morphine
  • Heroin
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3
Q

List examples of psychostimulants

A
  • Cocaine
  • Amphetamine
  • Nicotine
  • Caffeine
  • MDMA (Ecstasy)
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4
Q

List examples of psychotomimetics

A
  • LSD
  • Cannabis
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5
Q

List examples of anxiolytics

A
  • Benzodiazepines
    • Positive allosteric modulator of GABAA
    • e.g. Diazepam
  • Barbiturates
    • Positive allosteric modulator of GABAA
      • ​GABAA = inotropic
    • Block AMPA receptors
  • No longer common
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6
Q

List an example of CNS depressant

A
  • Ethanol
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7
Q

Morphine

A

Opiate analgesic

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8
Q

Heroin

A

Opiate analgesic

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9
Q

Cocaine

A

Psychostimulant

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10
Q

Amphetamine

A

Psychostimulant

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11
Q

Nicotine

A

Psychostimulant

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12
Q

Caffeine

A

Psychostimulant

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13
Q

MDMA (Ecstasy)

A

Psychostimulant

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14
Q

LSD

A

Psychotomimetic

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15
Q

Cannabis

A

Psychotomimetic

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16
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Anxiolytic

17
Q

Barbiturates

A

Anxiolytic

18
Q

Ethanol

A

CNS depressant

19
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of cannabinoids

A
  • CB1 receptor
    • Gi gated​
20
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of LSD

A
  • 5-HT 2 agonist
    • Gq
    • ​Increasing cellular levels of IP3 and DAG
21
Q

Explain the mechanism of cocaine

A
  • Inhibts following channels:
    • Dopamine transport (DAT)
    • Neuroepinephrine transporter (NET),
    • Serotonin transporter (SERT)
    • Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)
      • Transports as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine into vesicle
22
Q

What factors influence the dependence liability of a drug?

A
  • Dose
  • Frequency
  • Route of administration
23
Q

Explain the mesolimbic pathway

A
  • Dopaminergic neurons project axons from their cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain to:
    • Nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the ventral striatum
      • mediates the selection of goal orientated behaviour
    • Prefrontal cortex / orbito-frontal cortex
    • Amygdala
    • Hippocampus
24
Q

Explain the nigrostriatal pathway

A
  • Runs from the substantia nigra of the midbrain to the dorsal striatum
    • Dorsal striatum contains the caudate nucleus and putamen
25
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Activity is related to memory consolidation for emotionally arousing events
  • Involved in assigning a reward value to stimuli and in the conditioning of fear to novel stimuli
26
Q

Anterior cingulate

A
  • Implicated in human disorders of emotion and attention
  • Involved in emotional self-control, focussed problem solving, error detection and performance monitoring
27
Q

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

A
  • Involved in the autonomic and behavioural reactions to fearful stimuli including stress
  • Involved in reinstatement of cocaine seeking after foot shock in rats
28
Q

Dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex

A
  • Crucial for the control and regulation of cognitive activities, including the planning and selection of goals
29
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • Episodic memory
30
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex

A
  • Modulates the reinforcement value of stimuli
    • Assess and decodes the likely value or behavioural relevance of available choices and actions
  • Lateral OFC is associated with the suppression of previously rewarded responses and required for changes in behaviour
  • Associated with impulsivity and decision making

🧠 Essays (14 decks)

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