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Psychology > Addiction > Flashcards

Addiction Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Describes the emotional and mental processes that are associated with the development and recovery from a substance use disorder or process addiction

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2
Q

Physical dependance

A

When a drug has been chronically used so often the body and developed tolerance to the substance and the person suffers withdrawal symptoms when they stop using the drug

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3
Q

DSM-5

A

A criteria to be diagnosed with substance dependance

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4
Q

DSM indicators

2 in 12 months

A
  • Taking substance in larger amounts
  • Wanting to cut down
  • Cravings and urges to use the substance
  • Giving up important social, occupational or recreational activities due to substance use
  • Development of withdrawal symptoms
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5
Q

DSM-5 Alcohol

2 Symptoms

A
  • Craving for alcohol
  • Missing work or school
  • Trying to give up without success
  • Drink in hazardous
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6
Q

Tolerance

A

The need to take higher levels of substance to get the same physical and psychological effects

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7
Q

2 types of tolerance

A

Metabolic - Substance is metabolised quicker and therefore leaves the body quicker

Cellular - when there are changes in the responsiveness of the neurons

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8
Q

Withdrawal syndrome

A

The reaction psychologically and physically of an Individual when they no longer have a substance in their system

The drug used - Shorter half life, more intense the withdrawal
Amount consumed - more consumed, greater withdrawal
Drug use pattern - more frequent, greater withdrawal

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9
Q

Risk factors

A 
Genetic vulnerability 
Stress
Personality
Family influences
Peers
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10
Q

Genetic vulnerability

A

The idea that someone may be more likely to be addict because of their genetic make up addicted if they not exposed to the substance or the opportunity within their environment

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11
Q

Stress

A

Turning to behaviours and drugs that give temporary relief from stress is sort of coping mechanism

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12
Q

Personality

A

Cause and effect difficult to establish
People who have pathological personalities are more likely to become addicts because of the drug or behaviour they are addicted to initially offers them a relief

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13
Q

Addictive personality

A

Eysenck (1997) outlines a model that suggested that addictions occur because of personality type and the needs of the personality

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14
Q

Family influences

A

Social learning
Learning of behaviour by observation of role models
Vicarious reinforcement

Expectancies
Association we make from observing the environment around us

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15
Q

Peers

A

Choice of peer group is influenced in addiction eg allows easier access to the focus of the addiction and peers non judgemental

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16
Q

Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal

A 
Intense cravings 
Tingling in the hands and feet
Sweating
Nausea
Headaches
17
Q

Explanations of nicotine

A

Brain neurochemistry

Learning theory

18
Q

Brain neurochemistry : Role of dopamine

A

Dopamine is implicates in addiction as the addictive substance - through the boosting activity of brain reward system, pleasurable feeling meaning indisputable tempted to take drug again or repeat the behaviour

19
Q

Learning theory : Social learning theory

A

An individual observed a role model smoking and experience
Operant conditioning - due to a positive reinforcement that nicotine induces.
Cues reactivity - example of classical conditioning where objects and environments become conditioned stimuli

20
Q

Explanations for gambling

A

Learning theory

  • Partial and variable reinforcement
  • Social learning
  • Cognitive theory:Cognitive bias
21
Q

Reducing addiction

A
  • Drug therapy
  • Behavioural interventions :
  • Aversion therapy and covert sensitisation
  • CBT
22
Q

Drug therapy

A

Biological method for treating addiction is most commonly used with addiction to drugs such as alcoholic and heroin

23
Q

Behavioural interventions

A

Aversion therapy - a treatment used to reduce addictive behaviour broadly used on classical conditions

Covert sensitisation -based on principles of aversion therapy but just imagination not throwing up

24
Q

Partial and variable reinforcement

A

Fixed rate reinforcement - eg every third time out of 10

Variable ratio - no win pattern

Fixed intervals - eg every 20 seconds

Variable intervals - no fixed internal patterns

25
Q

Social learning gambling addiction

A

Classical conditioning - positive association is made of lights and sounds of casino

26
Q

Cognitive theory for addiction

A

Cognitive bias sees problem behaviour as a result of cognitive distortions and maladaptive thought processes

Psychology (4 decks)

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