Addiction Flashcards
Addiction
3 or more of the following w/in 1 year:
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Substance taken in larger amounts over a longer period than was intended (loss of control
Desire/unsuccessful efforts to cut down
Great deal of time speant to obtain/use substance
Giving up important social/occupational things (preoccupation)
substance used despite knowledge of issues
Most abused substance?
alcohol (followed by weed)
Comorbid mental disorders (to addiction)
psychotic, anxiety, mood disorders
Significant predictor of addiction?
childhood trauma
Alcohol is a CNS
depressant
Alcohol withdrawal syndrom happens when?
12hours after d/c
delirium tremens
use CIWA scale for assessment Q1,2,or 8 hours
Alcohol withdrawal Tx
monotoring
pharm (benzo, antidepressants, sleep meds, antipsychotics)
relapse prevention
health promotion
Cocaine is a CNS
stimulant
dopamine, norepinepherine, serotonin all increase
Cocaine rush
lasts 10-20 minutes followed by intense letdown effect (irritability, depression, tiredness, craving more drug)
cocaine withdrawal
anxiety, restlessness, depression, craving
Long term use - depletion of norpeiepherine (“crash “ and sleeping 12-18 hours)
Sleep disturbances, rebound REM, decreased libido, adhedonia
amphetamines
block reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, PNS effects
methamphetamine
release of excess dopamine; highly addictive, “binge and crash” pattern
MDMA (Ecstasy)
increases serotonin and excess dopamine release
hallucinations, confusion, anxiety, paranoia
Nicotine
stimulates CNS, PNS, and ANS
withdrawal: mood changes and physiologic changes
tx: patches, gum, nasal spray, inhailers
caffeine stimulates….
cerebral cortex
leads to increased mental cuity
Mraijuana
slow release (stored for weeks in fat tissue/brain)
long term use - decreased motivation
Opoid withdrawal
rebound hyperexcitability
Narcan (naloxone) for emergency tx of opioid intoxication or overdose
maintenance tx: metahdone or suboxone w/ therapy and counseling
How are methadone and suboxone perscribed?
through daily clinics
some drs can write a script out of their office (but not many)
COWs scale
11 items that you rate from 0-5
Resting pulse Sweating restlessness pupil size bone/joint aches runny nose GI upset tremor yawning anxiety gooseflesh
Behavior change Transtheoretical Model
5 stages of rediness:
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
Motivational interviewing: OARS
open ended questions
affirmations
reflective listening
summaries
Change talk
statements made by pts that indicate an interest in change
