Addiction Flashcards
Detox meds for alcohol
benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, folate, thiamine
Detox meds for opiates
clonidine, loperamide, analgesics
Detox meds for stimulants
sleep, food, water
Three-Four stages of addiction treatment
- Detox
- Active treatment
- Maintenance
- Relapse (hopefully doesn’t happen, but usually does)
drugs for alcohol use disorder
disulfiram, naltrexone, acamprosate
Cluster A personality disorders
“Weird”
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schizotypal
Cluster B personality disorders
“Wild”
- antisocial
- borderline
- histrionic
- narcissistic
Cluster C personality disorders
“Worried”
- Avoidant
- Obsessive-compulsive (OCPD)
- Dependent
Dysomnia
Abnormal timing, quality, and amount of sleep
- examples: narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, restless legs, sleep apnea, insomnia, hypersomnia
Parasomnia
Abnormal behaviors associated with sleep
-Examples: bruxism (tooth grinding), night terror, sleepwalking, REM sleep behavior disorder
Bruxism
Features
- Tooth-grinding
- Tooth damage and jaw pain
Occurs during Stage 2 sleep
Sleep Terrors
Features
- Repetitive experiences of fright
- Not easily awakened
- No memory upon awakening
Occurs in Stage 3 and 4 sleep
Usually occurs in children
Sleep Walking
Features
- Repetitive walking
- Can be injured
- Eyes open
- No memory upon awakening
Occurs in Stage 3 and 4 sleep
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Features:
- Motor activity while dreaming
- Eyes closed
- Awakens fully alert and able to recount their dream
Occurs in REM,
Associated with Parkinson disease and Lewy Body Dementia
PTSD -Intrusions
Traumatic event is persistently reexperienced
1) recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections
2) recurrent distressing dreams
3) Dissociative reactions: acting or feeling as if reliving the event. Continuum: to complete loss of awareness of the present
4) intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues
5) physiological reactivity to exposure to cues
PTSD-Avoidance
Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma
1) efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, feelings, about the
traumatic event
2) avoid external reminders activities, places or people, conversations, objects, situations that arouse recollections
PTSD-Avoidance (numbing separated)
Negative alterations in cognitions and mood
1) inability to recall important aspects of the trauma
2) Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about self, others or world
3) Persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the event
4) Persistent negative emotional state (fear, guilt, shame, anger)
5) markedly diminished interest or participation in activities
6) feeling of detachment or estrangement from others 7) Persistent inability to experience positive emotions
PTSD- Hyperarousal
Persistent symptoms of increased arousal, marked alterations in arousal and reactivity
1) Sleep Disturbance, difficulty falling or staying asleep
2) Irritability or outbursts of anger 3) Difficulty concentrating
4) Hypervigilance
5) Exaggerated startle response
6) Reckless or self-destructive behaviors
PTSD Brain pathology
- Amygdala hyperactivity
- Hippocampus smaller in volume
- Pre-frontal cortex and amygdala activation are inversely related
