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Infectio > Adaptive Immunity (see Diagram As Well ) > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity (see Diagram As Well ) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3main features of APCs?

A
  • Strategic location(interaction with B and T lymphocytes)
  • Pathogen Capture(phagocytosis, macropinocytosis (soluble particles))
  • Diversity in PRR: intra/extracellular
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2
Q

Where are APCs located?`

A
  • Skin
  • Mucous membrane (MALT: GALT,NALT,BALT,GUALT)
  • Lymphoid organs
  • Blood circulation
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3
Q

Which APCs activate naive T cells ? And where are they located

A

Dendritic (lymph nodes ,mucous membrane ,blood)

Langherans (skin)

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4
Q

Which APCs interact with effector T cells ?

A

Macrophages

B cells

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5
Q

How do APCs capture and present antigen?

A

Capture thanks to PAMPS and PRRs

Present on MHC (major histocompatibility complex)

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6
Q

What immune actors get activated in Humoral immunity ?

A

Antibodies
Complement
Phagocytosis

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7
Q

What immune actors get activated in Cell-dependent immunity ?

A

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (from CD8+)
Antibodies
Macrophages

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8
Q

How can APCs recognise bacteria and viruses ?

A

PRRs outside and inside APCs

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9
Q

What are MHC molecules and what is their function ?

A
  • Proteins encoded by polymorphic genes present on cell surface
  • Function is to bind antigen derived from self or non-self Microorganism and display it on cell surface for recognition by T-cells for activation or not of adaptive immune response
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10
Q

Where can you found class I MHC molecules and what peptides do they display ?

A
  • Class I present on all nucleated cells (including APC)

- Present peptides from intracellular microorganism

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11
Q

Where can you found class II and what peptides do they display ?

A

Only on APCs(dendritic,macrophages,B cells )

Display peptides from extracellular organisms

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12
Q

Which chromosome code for MHC molecules ?

A

Chromosome 6

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13
Q

Which genes code for class I MHC molecules ?

A

HLA-a, b , c

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14
Q

Which genes code for class II MHC molecules ?

A

HLA-DR,DQ,DP

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15
Q

Which adaptive immune cell recognise Class I MHC molecules ?

A

CD8+ T cells

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16
Q

CD4+ T cells recognise which MHC molecules ?

A

Class II

17
Q

Describe the endogenous antigen processing pathway

A

Intra cellular organism :

  • in cytoplasm
  • all protein ,self and non-self tagged by ubiquitin
  • degraded by Proteasome
  • antigen transported to ER by TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing)
  • antigen binds to MHC class I and expressed on surface
18
Q

Describe the exogenous antigen processing pathway

A

Extracellular organism

  • phagocytosis
  • endosome with peptide fuses with Vesicle containing MHC class II molecules
  • expressed on surface
19
Q

How do T lymphocytes recognise the antigen ?

And the MHC receptor ?

A
  • T cell Receptor (TCR)

- CD4 and CD8 recognise MHC classII and classI

20
Q

What are costimulator signals ? Give eg

A

Molecules present on APCs that help full activation of T lymphocytes
Eg : CD80/86

21
Q

What are the different types of T helper cells, which pathway and which cytokines do they secrete ?

A

-TH1 : intracellular , TNF and IFNg

  • TH2 : extracellular , IL4 ,5 ,10
  • TH17 : extracellular , IL17
22
Q

Which Serum AB concentration is the highest in first contact with a pathogen ? What s its characteristic ?

A

IgM

Stick to antigen to activate complement

23
Q

What is isotype switching ?

A

Second contact with antigen , monoclonal antibody IgG has higher concentration in serum , overall AB concentration higher

24
Q

What is the benefit of isotype switching and IgG ?

A

Faster, stronger , longer and higher affinity AB response

IgG can go to extracellular site and opsonise or neutralise (virus)in addition to complement activation

25
Q

What’s the function of IgA ?

A

Mucosal immunity

26
Q

What’s the function of IgE ?

A

Immunity against Helminths

Mast cell degranulation (allergy)

27
Q

What treatment derived from the understanding of adaptive immune response ?

A
  • Vaccination
  • Immunoglobulin therapies (for immune deficiency)
  • Passive immunisation (AB transfer)
  • Diagnostic tests(infectious disease,autoimmune,HLAand blood types )

Infectio (3 decks)

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