Adaptive immunity Flashcards
What is the main characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
Immunological Memory
Which cells process and present antigen to t-lymphocytes?
Dendritic cells and macrophages
Other than antigen presenting, how else do innate cells communicate with t-lymphcytes?
Supply potent signals such as cytokines and co-stimulation
How to T lymphocytes detect antigen?
Have t cell receptors that are specific to non-self antigen bound to MHC proteins
Which T cells are restricted to recognising MHC class I molecules?
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
Which T cells are restricted to recognising MHC class II molecules?
CD4+ helper T cells
What are MHC proteins?
Major histocompatibility proteins
- polymorphic surface glycoproteins (very diverse)
Where are MHC class 1 proteins found?
On all nucleated cells
Where are MHC class II proteins found?
Expressed on surface of all activated antigen-presenting cells
What is the function of B cells?
Adaptive immune cells that involve production of Ig
Which Ig receptors are randomly expressed on the antibody surface of the developing B cells?
Initially: IgD or IgM
What is class switching?
When activated B cells differentiate into efficient antibody-secreting plasma cells, eventually producing high affinity IgG, IgA, or IgE
What is required for full B-cell activation, differentiation, and Ig secretion?
T helper cells
Which cytokines do CD4+ T cells secrete?
IL-4
IFN-gamma
What are the cytotoxic enzymes that CD8+ T cells release?
Perforin and granzymes in cytotoxic granules
