Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
What are the two broad designations of lymphocytes?
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
Both lymphocytes originate where? and then mature?
Both originate within the bone marrow and T-cell mature in the Thymus and B-cells within the bone marrow.
What are the two main subsets of T-cells?
Helper T-cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+)
How many types of MHC receptors are there? and where are they located?
2 types. MHC class 1 receptors are displayed on a majority of body cells and MHC class 2 receptors are restricted to antigen presenting cells (APCs).
What are the two types of responses?
Cellular adaptive response and humoral adaptive response.
Which type of cells are primarily involved in the cellular adaptive response?
Cytotoxic T-cells
Which type of cells are primarily involved in the cellular humoral response?
B cells.
Helper T-cells play a central role in both responses through activation of other cell types. What subtype of helper cells guides the response to the cellular and humoral respectivley?
Th1 subtype towards the cellular profile and Th2 towards the humoral profile.
What cell plays an important part in the effective regulation of immune responses (prevent unnecssery tissue damage)
Tregs
What does an antigen presenting cell do?
Functionally defined cells that are able to initiate adaptive immune responses by presenting the antigen to T cells.
What are the major APC’s? What are the more minor APC’s?
Dendritic cells, which are found throughout the body.
Macrophages and B cells may also serve as APCs, provide link to innate immunity.
Dendritic cells may be activated by local innate immune signals cuasing them to what?
Migrate through the lymph or blood to lymph nodes where they present antigen to T-cells.
In the cellular adaptive response body cells are coninuously doing what? and how might this be useful?
Processing protein from the internal environment and presenting with MHC 1, typically self antigens can also be from virus, bacteria or cancer peptides.
How does B cell antigen recognition differ from that of T-cells?
Use a B cell receptor without the need for processing or presentation via receptor, key for extracellular pathogens.
What occurs when a B cell is activated?
Differentiation into plasma cells that are capable of secreting antibodies which in turn activate the classical pathway of the complement system.
