adaptive immune system

Question 1

innate immunity?

Answer 1

Immediate response
Detects and destroys within minutes to hours
Do not require a prolonged period of induction
Does not rely on the clonal expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes
Does not generate immunological memory

Question 2

adaptive immunity

Answer 2

Delayed Response
Activated within days to weeks
Occurs after exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or a vaccination
Specific to antigenic molecules on pathogens
Immunological Memory
Primary response: first time the immune system combats a particular foreign substance
Secondary response: later interactions with the same foreign substance; faster and more effective due to “memory”

Question 3

what part of the innate immune system is always on?

Answer 3

Complement System (humoral IMMUNITY)
Barriers
epithelium
mucosa
digestive enzymes
stomach pH
Normal flora

Question 4

What part of the innate immunity system is an immediate response?

Answer 4

cell mediated immunity
-neutrophils
-antigen presenting cells (macrophages, NK cells)

Question 5

what is part of humoral immunity?

Answer 5

Secreted macromolecules found in bodily fluids
Complement proteins
Activated B Cells- Antibodies

Question 6

what is part of cell mediated immunity?

Answer 6

Phagocytes
T Cells

Question 7

what is part of b cells?

Answer 7

antibody (humoral immunity)

Question 8

what is part of t cells?

Answer 8

cd8 cytotoxic and cd4 helper (cell-mediated immunity)

Question 9

what are part of lymphocytes?

Answer 9

T and B cells

Question 10

what part of adaptive immunity has a delayed response?

Answer 10

lymphocytes

Question 11

what is an antigen?

Answer 11

A foreign or “non-self” macromolecule that reacts with cells of the immune system.

Question 12

where are antigens found

Answer 12

Found on capsules, cell walls, flagella, fimbriae, and toxins on bacteria
H proteins
Wall Teichoic Acid
O Polysaccharide ( LPS)
PAMPs

Question 13

What is an Antigen-presenting cell (APC) ?

Answer 13

an immune cell that detects, engulfs, and informs the adaptive immune response about an infection.
Dendritic Cells
Macrophages
B Cells

Question 14

B cells- Humoral Immunity function?

Answer 14

B cells function as APCs that bind intact antigens that have not been processed.
B cells must be able to bind intact antigens because they secrete antibodies that must recognize the pathogen directly, rather than digested remnants of the pathogen

Question 15

what does Binding to antigen epitope lead to?

Answer 15

B cell clonal expansion

Question 16

what do B cell receptors – Immunoglobulins
do?

Answer 16

Recognizes and binds specific antigens
Contains a variable and constant region

Question 17

describe antibody structure

Answer 17

At least 2 identical binding sites
Humans are bivalent
Monomer: 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains
Variable region: binds to antigen epitope
Constant region: same for a particular type of antibody
5 Classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

Question 18

what do plasma cells do?

Answer 18

Synthesize and secrete antibodies with the specific antigen recognition pattern of that BCR

Question 19

describe antibodies?

Answer 19

Humoral Immunity
Antibodies bind pathogens and mark them for destruction
Recruits other cells
Only recognizes the epitope of the pathogens