Adaptions To Pregnancy

Question 1

Plasma concentrations of which hormones continually rise during pregnancy?

Answer 1

Progesterone

Oestrogen

Question 2

Which hormone inhibits uterine contractility so that the foetus is not expelled prematurely?

Answer 2

Progesterone

Question 3

Where is also all of the oestrogen and progesterone supplied from in the first two months of pregnancy?

Answer 3

Corpus luteum

Question 4

If pregnancy doesn’t occur then when does the corpus luteum usually degenerate?

Answer 4

Two weeks after formatiom

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for the persistence of the corpus luteum in pregnancy?

Answer 5

Human chorionic gonadotrophin

Question 6

Which cells secrete human chorionic gonadotrophin?

Answer 6

Trophoblasts

Question 7

When does human chorionic gonadotrophin secretion reach a peak?

Answer 7

60-80 days after last menstruation

Question 8

Following the decrease of human chorionic gonadotrophin, responsibility for secreted oestrogen and progesterone during pregnancy shifts from the corpus luteum to…?

Answer 8

The trophoblast cells of the placenta

Question 9

How is menstruation inhibited during pregnancy?

Answer 9

High circulating levels of progesterone and oestrogen prevent the secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus which prevents the release of luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 10

What is the role of human placental lactogen in pregnancy?

Answer 10

Mobilises fats from maternal adipose tissue and stimulates glucose production in the liver and stimulates breast development - this is all preparation for lactation

Question 11

The secretion of what hormone from the anterior pituitary gland increases in pregnancy?

Answer 11

Prolactin

Question 12

The secretion of what hormones from the adrenal glands is increased during pregnancy?

Answer 12

Aldosterone cortisol

Question 13

The release of what hormone from the posterior pituitary glands is increased during pregnancy?

Answer 13

ADH

Question 14

How is blood volume increased during pregnancy?

Answer 14

There is an increase in the secretion of aldosterone, renin and ADH which stimulate salt and water retention in The production of
EPO in the kidneys is also increased i. The kidneys in order to maintain the haematocrit

Question 15

What hormones stimulate breast development in pregnancy?

Answer 15

Oestrogen
Human placental lactogen
Prolactin
Progesterone

Question 16

What changes in the cardiovascular system occur during pregnancy?

Answer 16

Cardiac output is increased
Total peripheral resistance decreases due to vasodilation of the uterus, skin, breasts, GI tract and kidneys
MAP is constant

Question 17

Hyperventilation occurs in pregnancy. T/F?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the role of increased cortisol in pregnancy?

Answer 18

To increase metabolic rate, plasma glucose, gluconeogenesis and fatty acid metabolism by causing hyporesposiveness to insulin