Adaption and Evolution

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

a genetic carrier of information in cells that is found in all life on earth

Question 2

what is DNA composed of?

Answer 2

repeating units called nucleotides

Question 3

what does DNA consist of?

Answer 3

phosphate, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base

Question 4

what is deoxyribose?

Answer 4

sugar

Question 5

what is the backbone of DNA made of?

Answer 5

sugar and phosphate

Question 6

What are the 2 DNA base pairings?

Answer 6

(A-T) (C-G)

Question 7

what are the DNA base pairings held together by?

Answer 7

hydrogen bonds

Question 8

DNA base pairing sequence provides…

Answer 8

genetic codes

Question 9

segments of DNA make up a…

Answer 9

gene (instructions to make something)

Question 10

genes allow cells to make…

Answer 10

certain proteins (eg. enzymes)

Question 11

DNA shape

Answer 11

double helix

Question 12

how many chromosomes does every human have?

Answer 12

46 (23 - mom 23 - dad)

Question 13

Genome (definition)

Answer 13

all DNA composing an organism

Question 14

base pairings are also known as…

Answer 14

the genetic blueprint

Question 15

what is the genetic blueprint used for?

Answer 15

compare % of similarities of 2 organisms

Question 16

where does the DNA live in a cell?

Answer 16

Chromosome

Question 17

what are the repeating letter sequences in the DNA called?

Answer 17

nucleotide

Question 18

characteristics of DNA

Answer 18

• regulate cellular activities
• Self-replication when cells divide
• mutation error in copying process; different genetic sequence

Question 19

the Genome contains…

Answer 19

instructions to make an organism

Question 20

what is Allele?

Answer 20

a variation of a particular gene

Question 21

what is a Gene pool?

Answer 21

the ratio of all Allele of a gene in a species

Question 22

when does evolution occur?

Answer 22

when the ratio of genes in the gene pool changes (change in the genetics of a species)

Question 23

who discovered “Natural Selection”?

Answer 23

Charles Darwin - published “ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES” in 1859

Question 24

what was the name of the boat Charles Darwin was on?

Answer 24

the beagle

Question 25

when did the voyage of charles darwin take place?

Answer 25

1831-1836

Question 26

where did Charles Darwin discover variation among species?

Answer 26

Galapagos Islands

Question 27

what are the five distinct ideas of natural selection?

Answer 27

- overproduction - struggle for existence - variation - survival of the fittest - accumulation of variation

Question 28

overproduction (definition)

Answer 28

the number of species produced is greater than can survive.

Question 29

struggle for existence (definition)

Answer 29

essential resources are limited (food, water)

Question 30

variation (definition)

Answer 30

the difference in traits among members of the same species. some traits provide an advantage

Question 31

survival of the fittest (definition)

Answer 31

better adapted tend to survive to reproduce

Question 32

accumulation of variation (definition)

Answer 32

traits from parents are passed on to offspring and become more common over time.

Question 33

what are the 3 types of adaption?

Answer 33

- structural - physiological - behavioural

Question 34

structural adaption (definition)

Answer 34

modification of structures to suit different functions

Question 35

physiological adaption (definition)

Answer 35

the production of chemicals (eg. toxins, enzymes)

Question 36

the 3 types of natural selection

Answer 36

- directional selection - stabilizing direction - disruptive selection

Question 37

directional selection (definition)

Answer 37

change in a consistent direction

Question 38

stabilizing direction (definition)

Answer 38

reinforces the average phenotype

Question 39

disruptive selection (definition)

Answer 39

selects against most common features

Question 40

the 2 types of artificial selection

Answer 40

- selective breeding | - accidental selection

Question 41

selective breeding (definition)

Answer 41

non-random mating characterized by the identification of desired traits and promoting development at the expense of what may happen naturally.

Question 42

accidental selection (definition)

Answer 42

human activity puts the survival of organisms in jeopardy unintentionally (eg. biological magnification)

Question 43

specification (definition)

Answer 43

development of a new species, populations become isolated and must adapt to their new environment.

Question 44

specification (definition)

Answer 44

development of a new species, populations become isolated and must adapt to their new environment.

Question 45

geographic isolation (definition)

Answer 45

a physical barrier (eg. volcano). gene flow ceases and gene pools change independently.

Question 46

reproductive isolation (definition)

Answer 46

organisms in population no longer inbreed, causing differences such as courtship patterns or structural features.

Question 47

what can happen when there is a long-term change to gene frequencies?

Answer 47

it causes species to become more similar or more dissimilar (physical features)

Question 48

divergent evolution (definition)

Answer 48

develloppement of a similar form due to similar environmental pressures.

Question 49

analogous structures (definition)

Answer 49

similar functions, different anatomically

Question 50

name three of the animals Darwin encountered on his voyage to the Galapagos islands.

Answer 50

- finches - tortoises - marine iguanas

Question 51

what did darwin notice in the finches?

Answer 51

their beak forms changed depending on what island they were on and what food resources were available to them.

Question 52

what was different about the tortoises on each island?

Answer 52

their shells