Adaptations Of Biota In Harsh Wetland

Question 1

What are anoxic waters

Answer 1

Areas of water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen

Question 2

What are the biotic morphological adaptations to low oxygen for invertebrates
(Oxygen from water)

Answer 2

Fish gills
Integumental respiration
Tracheal system
Ventilators movements
Rectal pump

Question 3

Integumentary respiration

Answer 3

O2 taken up directly across the body surface - zooplankton
Biotic adaptation to low oxygen

Question 4

Tracheal system

Answer 4

Transport of gases throughout the body - aquatic insect larvae and nymph

Biotic adaptation to low oxygen

Question 5

Ventilatory movements

Answer 5

Increase the flow of oxygenated waters across the respiratory organs
Ephemeroptera - gills
Trichoptera - cases

Biotic adaptation to low oxygen

Question 6

Rectal pump

Answer 6

Pump water in and out of their tea heated rental chamber
Odonata

Biotic adaptation to low oxygen

Question 7

What are the invertebrate morphological adaptations to low oxygen
(Oxygen from air)

Answer 7

Siphons
Store air
Air bubbles

Question 8

Explain siphons

Answer 8

Siphons/snorke is opened at the surface
Water scorpion

Question 9

Explain how invertebrates store air as an adaptation to low oxygen

Answer 9

Trap air beneath wings or with water repellent hairs

Question 10

Explain how invertebrates use air bubbles as an adaptation to low oxygen

Answer 10

Carried underwater by organisms are replaced by CO2 in the water column via diffusion
Argyroneta aquatica

Question 11

What are the other morphological adaptations of invertebrates in anoxic environment

Answer 11

Locomotion
Feeding strategies
Aerobic respiration
Haemoglobin

Question 12

Explain how locomotion is an adaptation

Answer 12

For vertebrates
Flattening of limbs into par like structures.
Fringes or setae on legs to increase surface area
Water jets from rectum
Strong claws to aid crawling

Question 13

Explain how feeding strategies is an adaptation

Answer 13

Eg functional feeding groups
Shredders, collectors, filter feeders

Question 14

Explain how aerobic respiration is an adaptation

Answer 14

Breath air.
Surface breathers that remain constantly in contact with air via mini snorkel. (Driptera)
Periodically come to surface. (Hemiptera)
Carry a bubble or air with them as they dive. (Water spiders)

Question 15

Explain how haemoglobin is an adaptation

Answer 15

Obtain oxygen through their cuticle directly from the water.
Contain harmoglobin to improve their oxygen uptake efficiently.

Question 16

What are vertebrate adaptations to anoxic waters

Answer 16

In temperate wetlands vertebrates show no adaptations for environmental conditions as fish are anoxic avoiders.
Adaptations to anoxic tropical:
Move
Aquatic surface respiration
Breathe air

Question 17

Explain aquatic surface respiration as a vertebrate adaptation

Answer 17

Ventilate their gills in the oxygenated water layer at the surface of the water

Question 18

What are bird adaptations

Answer 18

Foraging strategies:
Surface swimmers - strain food w/ bea
Divers
Flight feeders - catch insects
Stationary spear fishers - heron
Plunge & perch divers - kingfisher
Course hunters - seize prey w/ feet