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Biology Paper 2 > Adaptations, Interdependence and Competition > Flashcards

Adaptations, Interdependence and Competition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All the organisms that live in a habitat and the non-living parts of the habitat

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2
Q

What is competition?

A

When two organisms are trying to obtain the same factors from the environment

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3
Q

What is interdependence

A

When one organism relies on another for certain resources / factors

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4
Q

What are adaptations?

A

features/traits that enable organisms to survive in their habitats, evolved over many generations

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5
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Non-living factors that affect communities

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6
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Living factors that affect communities

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7
Q

What are communities?

A

All the organisms that live in the same enviroment

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8
Q

What are extremophiles

A

An organism that can live in very extreme environments

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9
Q

What are populations?

A

A group of organisms of the same species living together in a habitat

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10
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A square frame used for sampling organisms in their natural environment - usually between 0.25m2 and 1m2

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11
Q

What is a transect line?

A

a fixed line along which sampling of populations, such as species abundance, is measured

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12
Q

What is the carbon cycle

A

the constant recycling of carbon through the processes of life, death and decay

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13
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

A series of processes that circulate water through the environment

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14
Q

What is the food web?

A

A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

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15
Q

What is the food chain?

A

The feeding relationships between organisms

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16
Q

What is the producer?

A

An organism that makes its own food

17
Q

What is a predator?

A

An animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals

18
Q

What are prey?

A

An organism that is hunted and killed by a predator for food

19
Q

What are apex predator?

A

The top consumer in a food chain, has no predators

20
Q

What are decomposers?

A

organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return raw materials to the environment

21
Q

What is a habitat?

A

Place where an organism lives and that provides the types of food, shelter, moisture, and temperature needed for survival

22
Q

What is a primary consumer?

A

An organism that eats producers, can be an herbivore or omnivore

23
Q

What is a secondary consumer?

A

An organism that eats primary consumers, can be an insectivore, omnivore or carnivore

24
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

a chemical reaction carried out by green plants in which carbon dioxide and water react to produce glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide + water (light) glucose + oxygen
CO2 + H2O (light) C6H12O6 + O2

25
Q

What is glucose?

A

a simple sugar that is an important source of energy

26
Q

What is a biome?

A

A really large ecosystem

27
Q

What is random sampling?

A

a sampling method that is unbiased as each area has an equal chance of being chosen, used with quadrats to examine differences between contrasting habitats within a habitat

28
Q

What is territory?

A

Areas which contain all the resources and conditions that organisms need to survive

29
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Substances that organisms obtain from their surroundings, which are needed for them to grow and be healthy

30
Q

What is Intra-specific competition?

A

The competition between organisms within the same species

31
Q

What is inter-specific comptition

A

The competition between organisms of different species

32
Q

What is a niche

A

A unique/marginal habitat that fewer organism can survive in

33
Q

What is habitat survival?

A

The adaptations of an organism to survive in their habitats

34
Q

What are structural adaptations?

A

A physical feature of an organism’s body having a specific function that contributes to the survival of the organism

35
Q

What are physiological adaptations?

A

Changes in an organism’s metabolic processes

36
Q

What are behavioural adaptations?

A

An inherited characteristic behaviour that helps an organism survive in its environment

37
Q

What does anatomical mean?

A

Related to the structure of an organism

Biology Paper 2 (5 decks)

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